Audit Working Paper Checklist

AUDIT WORKING PAPER CHECK LIST 1. Appointment Letter 2. Management Representation 3. Cash Certificate 4. Final Trial Balance 5. Draft Financial Statements. 6. Bank Reconciliation and Bank Statements at the year end and month following the balance sheet date. 7. Photocopy of Challan for Deposit of Statutory Dues outstanding at the year end. 8. Photocopies Challan for deposit of Labour Dues. 9. Evidence for Exchange rate adopted for translation at the close of the year. 10. Photocopy of Bills evidencing additions to Fixed Assets with ledger prints outs. 1. Quantitative details of Raw material Work in progress and Finished Goods stock and certificate of Physical verification and stock on hand. 12. Ledger print out of inventory quantities at year end. 13. Excise Duty rates of finished goods adopted for valuation of stock. 14. Photocopy of TDS returns with annexure 15. Photocopy of Excise return with annexure 16. Photocopy of Service Tax Return. 17. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT Challan/T DS Certificates 18. Confirmation of Loans Outstanding. 19. Confirmations – Debtors Creditors advances. 0. Ledger print of unsecured loans. 21. Ledger print out of ESI/PF recoveries and deposits. 22. Certificate of Actuarial Valuations for retirement and long term benefit provisions. 23. Ledger print of Cenvat credits. 24. Reconciliation of Excise/ Cenvat as per Excise and Financial records. 25. Worksheet for valuation of raw and finished stock. With photocopy of last bills if on FIFO Basis 26. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letters 27. Evidence for payment of Bonus out standing. 8. Details of Provisions made at the year end with copies of bills 29. Photocopies of Fixed deposit receipts outstanding. 30. Note on reasons for significant variation in Income and Expense head wise. 31. Details of Foreign currency Asset and Liabilites 32. Details of Forward contracts in foreign currency outstanding 33. Details any offices opened out of India In case of Corpor ate Entities following additional Documents required 1. Copy of resolution for increase in authorized capital if any. 2.Copy forms filed for increase in authorized capital. 3. Copy of return of allotment in case increase in paid up share capital. 4. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letter and copy of form 8 & 13 5. Certificate as to occurrences of any fraud during the year. 6. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT /Dividend Tax /wealth tax challan/TDS Certificates 7. Copy of annual return filed under companies Act. 8. Confirmation as to change in shareholding as on date of balance sheet in relation to previous year 9.List of debtors with debtors outstanding for more than six months. 10. List of related party with details of transaction 11. Copy of Actuarial Valuation report with details of assumptions. 12. Quantitative details of Purchase sale and stock as per schedule VI 13. Expenditure and Income in Foreign Currency 14. Details of Managerial Remuneration. 15. Details of Payment made to Auditors 16. Details of Book value and market Values in case of investments 17. Audited Balance sheet and report of Subsidiary associates and Joint venture companies.

Asses the View That Pressure Groups Benefit Democracy

Pressure groups have many features about them that determine whether they are democratic or undemocratic. If we have to determine whether Pressure Groups benefit democracy or not, we have to know what part they play in our society. As we know, pluralists have a very positive view on pressure group politics; believing that they promote healthy debate and discussion. This is true in some aspects of society and our democracy, but pressure groups also have many undemocratic features about them. Firstly, the most important democratic feature of pressure groups is their way of representing the people in our society. Their main function is to represent our interests and those who are of minority, making sure that their voice gets heard, whether we take an active part or not. To demonstrate how representative they really are, in virtually all our activities, there is probably a group which is seeking to secure favourable legislation or decisions and to avoid unfavourable ones. However, some pressure group leaders may not truly represent their members. Trade union leaders were charged with this and it remains a danger. Furthermore, party politicians are made accountable for their actions through the electoral process and through representative institutions; which is seen as vey democratic. Pressure Group leaders are not accountable, which means that if they don’t fulfil their representative aims we can’t do anything about it which conveys that pressure groups are undemocratic. However, pressure groups are seen as very democratic when it comes to participation, and how they are making many more people partake in politics, and make politics more aware to people. A passive citizenship is often seen as an extreme danger to democracy; many people do not involve themselves in political activity; producing the strong probability that the government will become dictatorial, safe in that they know that they’re power will probably not get challenged. Pressure groups are therefore important because firstly they prevent excessive accumulations of power and to ensure that government remains accountable to the people. It is known that especially young people enjoy taking part in demonstrations which is evidence for pressure groups trying to get people more politically aware as active. However, pressure groups are queried as undemocratic; due to their disproportionate influence. Some pressure groups do not conform to democratic principles around the nature of influence. If all groups enjoyed the amount of influence which their size and importance warranted, the outcome might be considered democratic however, some groups wield more power that their relative importance. For example, the farming community accounts for a tiny proportion of the total population but farms are responsible for much of our food supply. Finally, pressure groups most important democratic feature is the fact that they make sure all of us, in small or large groups, are taken account of, awarded an equal status, and protected. If this does not work, we will simply be ruled by the majority, which ultimately means that nothing would change. Majority rule also, is not a true democracy. Seeking majority support, political parties will inevitably have to ignore the interests of many minorities. Pressure groups therefore play a very vital part in ensuring that party rule is not converted into tyranny and minority groups are heard. Another undemocratic factor however that can balance how democratic pressure groups really is their size and finance. It is clear that some pressure groups are considerably more wealthy than others, having an unfair advantage. Everyone from sectional interests inevitably gain funds whereas charities have to get their funds from the public. It is seen as undemocratic, because with particular wealthy groups, they have adopted the practice of donating money to political parties in order to seek a sympathetic government. An example of this is the event â€Å"cash for peerages† where it was alleged that money was being donated in return for peerages. Furthermore pressure groups size is seen as a very undemocratic factor because even though some pressure groups have a sheer amount of numbers to go on to protest, it does not always reflect the public opinion. For example, The ban on hunting with dogs for example, 300,000 took to the streets and put the government into panic. However, the majority of those people wanted a full ban on fox hunting. In conclusion, weighing up the democratic and undemocratic features, overall, pressure groups do benefit democracy. Firstly they promote healthy debate and discussion. Pressure groups have made many more people politically aware and have increased the amount of political participation through demonstrations, protest, marches and even petitions. They may even be the reason for the increase of election turnout in 2010 elections due to them making people more politically aware. Another way that pressure groups benefit democracy is their role of representation towards minorities as well as everyone in our society. Even though pressure groups do have some aspects to them that are seen as very undemocratic, pressure group politics is a very healthy way of strengthening our government.

Article about microeconomics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About microeconomics - Article Example With domestic production, orders can be fulfilled in much shorter time compared to longer period that is wasted in transporting clothing from overseas plant. For this same reason, quality of clothing can also be maintained if manufactured in domestic factories. However, this industry is still struggling in US because there is shortage of clothes makers in the country. The objective of this article is to present the current scenario of the growing trend of apparel manufacturers within the US market. Recently, in Asian countries like China the labour cost is increasing which goes in favour of the American manufacturers. Also, American designer clothes enjoy a large share of international market as they are considered of superior quality. Domestic production acts as cost advantage because transport cost is saved as clothes are not required to be transferred from overseas market. In this article, Davidson has stated the added advantage for small labels that sell university-licensed clothing as their business faces risk if they have to depend on shipments from foreign countries. As per the theory of comparative advantage, US domestic apparel industry enjoys comparative advantage as US clothing becomes first choice for global consumers because of the perception that US items are superior to products from Asian countries which is a result of research on product qualities and services. A second advantage is that due to domestic production US garment industry can meet the market demand promptly without having to wait for shipments from abroad (Berdine, 2008, p.17). III. Davidson has managed to provide an overall picture of the advantages faced by US garment industry. He has presented examples like Brooks Bros. who owns a garment manufacturing plant in Massachusetts and has created 1,000 jobs. With this article the author has put

Course Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Review - Essay Example In another wavelength, this methodology also remains very important, given that its standards of evidence and indicators that the program uses helps in comparing the system’s performance to its peer institutions. These indicators help in making these comparisons, so as to uphold the highest of standards. The changes that have been proposed are very recommendable on several grounds. First, it is through these proposed PLO systems that important values relevant to the discipline can be inculcated. Skills, knowledge and competence are some of these values that are bound to be deeply entrenched, should PLO systems be implemented. Likewise, it is only by adopting the PLO system that professional and disciplinary standards that certain disciplines try to advance are bolstered. The newly proposed system is also worthy of recommendation since it ensures the maintenance of desired standards by comparing its performance indicators to its peer institutions. This comparison ensures that areas that have not been adequately administered, taught or effected are identified, and then followed through with correctional measures. This smoothens and facilitates effective and tenable transition. The PLO curriculum can be said to be very appropriate, given that they reflect current trends, debates, technology and developments that are taking shape in the discipline. Similarly, the PLO system involves the use of curriculum maps which support learners’ achievement and thereby helping in sustaining the required breadth and depth of the study. The same also helps capture the flow, courses, coherence and the sequencing of opportunities for these learners. This thereby helps these learners to achieve the aims of PLOs. As Wang advances, the PLO curriculum will be very instrumental in helping to keep up with the changing times. This is because the PLO curriculum considers and adopts the latest technology, developments and trends

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Marketing - Essay Example In other words, these accounts must be identified, acquired, and followed up, or managed. The sales person/force and manager must also be rewarded accordingly. Key accounts are gained by developing a mutual relationship. In order to gain trust and repeat business and to â€Å"lead† the client and not the other way around (having the client lead the sales representative which results in a loss of sales), one must completely know and understand the client’s business. This can only be accomplished by having a strategy. Key Account Management (2006) lists the benefits of this type of handling such important accounts: Regarding the case study of Glaztex, the reasons for failure to win the order were many. They did not employ the strategies of proper key account management. Dr. Leblanc of Commercial SA had initially contacted sales executive John Goodman. That was an incredible â€Å"foot in the door† where Goodman should have researched and prepared before returning the call. Perhaps he did not have the proper training on key account management, which is very crucial. Most company training involves teaching staff how to sell to corporations and to large accounts which uses a skill-based training. On the other hand, key account management deals with the clients’ needs and uses strategy. (Bandhu, 2004.) Capon (2006) states that, â€Å"†¦it is one thing to recognize that these accounts should be treated differently, it is quite another to figure out exactly what to do.† So training is necessary. Goodman simply described the simply and gave Leblanc literature to read. As Leblanc had stated that he had already spoken with three other companies, Goodman needed to be well informed of not only what his company had to offer, he also needed to know about his possible client and the competitors. He needed to focus on value. An advantage would have been for him to tell and show Leblanc (and Atois, the production engineer, as he stated that

Female Gangs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Female Gangs - Research Paper Example However, researches in the past two decades by the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) indicate that the existence of female gangs can be traced back to the 1800s (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). Their roles have evolved from being alibis, sex toys, drugs and weapon holders to full gang membership. Studies have been conducted on gangs because gangs are of social concern. This paper will research on and discuss female gangs in three aspects. First, it will discuss the origin of female gangs and what drives females into forming or joining gangs. Secondly, it will discuss different types of female gangs and thirdly, how they play into male gangs. Although some of the earlier generalizations about female gangs still apply, there have been tremendous changes in their activities with their growing numbers. The OJJDP noted a police report from Boston that described a female gang as a growingly autonomous organization that plans and commits crime without any help from males (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). It was feared that in Boston young girls were quickly adopting gang life rituals in the early 1990s. To integrate into gangs or form their own, females imitate the behaviors of male gangs (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). In a bid to be like the males, they coordinate and take part in criminal activities, wear tattoos and clothing related to gangs. They borrow characteristics and styles of the dominant male gangs including patterns of violence, preferred weapons and use of graffiti to pass a message or declare their existence and presence in neighborhoods. Becoming a member is either by choice or forced initiation (Moore & Hagedorn, 2012). Forced initiation is in the form of being jumped-in by gang members. On the other hand, females who opt into gangs by choice offer themselves to be used sexually by gang members in exchange of climbing up the hierarchy. However, those who are

Effect on US and EU by Israeli-Palestinian War and What Should Be Done Research Paper

Effect on US and EU by Israeli-Palestinian War and What Should Be Done - Research Paper Example The war to destroy Israel by Palestine should be condemned. It would constitute an unjust war against the existence of Israel. However, the United Nations and European states fail to acknowledge the gravity of Palestine’s aspirations to destroy Israel. Palestinians have been seen to be continuously attacking Israeli civilians. Several countries had come forward with their own peace plans to end the war. The objective of these countries is to end the war between Palestine and Israel, and to establish peace in the region. Each plan is similar, which suggests the existence of two separate states with a recognized border along the present green line that divides both the states. It has even been suggested that there should be a mutual agreement between these two nations, in relation to their borders. However, there is strategy regarding the process through which consensus will be arrived. There are widespread disagreements between these two nations in almost all aspects. Similarly, there is deep rooted hatred among the people against each other. Success can be assured if the Palestinians stop promoting terrorism and Israel stops expansionist moves by renouncing any further occupation. In reality, Israel and Palestine do not find these options to be attractive. However, several political parties in these states have demanded of their government to adhere to renunciations. Fortunately, the peace movement is gaining momentum on both sides, and Palestinians are opposing Palestine terrorism (Walzer). Israel is not only a small Jewish state in the Middle East region; it is also devoid of any natural resources. It is totally dependent on US support for its existence, which provides it with assistance to the tune of billons of US dollars, annually. In addition, the US also provides military and political support to Israel. The latter has been distinguished for its practice

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Case study - Essay Example e is motivated by the need to satisfy the following psychological needs which include; playing and relaxing, personal fulfilment, self expression as well as curiosity among others. It can as well be said that she seeks to fulfil the social needs, derived from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs or motivation theory. Social needs in particular, are concerned with love, friendship and esteem (McCarthy and Perreault 1990). These are often have a bearing on the person’s interaction with others. Personal needs on the other hand are concerned with an individual’s need for personal satisfaction which is often unrelated to what others may think. As a point of departure, it can be said that one of the main reasons why we drink is to give ourselves confidence in the belief that alcohol will set us at ease especially with strangers (McNeill 1986). However, there are various other reasons for drinking such as wanting to please others, fighting loneliness or using alcohol as a bridge between different people. From this assertion, it can be noted that Melanie’s drinking habits are driven by psychological needs to a greater extent. Indeed, she appreciates the fact that alcohol can cause harm to her health but this does not deter her from drinking. She drinks inorder to fulfil the psychological need to play as well as to relax. She believes that its part of being a student to drink. In the opening remarks she says, â€Å"I know I perhaps drink too much but its part of being a student, isn’t it?† From this statement it can be seen that drinking is one of the popular ways of relaxing and perhaps derive pleasure i n the life of a student. Whilst she does not drink on a daily basis, it can be seen that she does especially on Mondays and Wednesdays which are dedicated as days for student outing and have since been entrenched as part of the student culture. It can be seen that she also drinks for personal fulfilment as well as self expression. A night out on a drinking binge with

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money Research Paper

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money laundering - Research Paper Example The annotated bibliography will enable me establish validity of the research, consider multiple perspectives and viewpoints of numerous authors and gain more background information on the topic of study. The annotated bibliography will also follow the appropriate citation style (Oliver, 2010). My research strategy for locating resources for my portfolio project while entail using information technology resources in the library such as computers to search for research databases on numerous authors who have studied the topic in order to get more background information (Oliver, 2010). I will be able to compare various sources in order to establish the relevancy and validity of their findings in my portfolio project. I will scholarly sources such as published books and peer reviewed journals that offer credible background information on various subjects of study (Oliver, 2010). The determining factors that will influence my decision include the relevancy of the source, the validity of the content and consistency of the information contained in the source (Oliver, 2010). I will also look at the credibility of the authors, the publishers and objectivity of facts presented by the author. I will also ensure the source ideas and findings are collaborated by other authors and ideas are logical according to the background information of my annotated bibliography (Oliver, 2010). My strategy has not changed since I will prepare an annotated bibliography that will guide me while writing the portfolio project. I will summarize the main sources, assess their relevancy to my topic, and reflect on their importance to my portfolio project (Oliver, 2010). I will seek help from the college writing center and my lecturers on how to arrange my ideas in a logical manner and different aspects that should be incorporated in the portfolio project. I will consult my lecturer on the difficult aspects of the project such

Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 - Movie Review Example His life is lived apart from his two sons and having to deal with such predicament of disrespectful grandchildren. As an embittered veteran of the Korean War, he is widowed by his wife whose last wishes were for Walt was confession and retirement to his ill-feelings towards â€Å"other† people. For Walt’s, he trusts no one but his M-1 rifle which he makes it clean all the time and Daisy, his Labrador. Walt, an old man, is described as an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions. Walt Kowalski had no choice but to live surrounded by Hmong immigrants whom he despises greatly when all his neighbors have gone or transferred to another place. His prejudice over the Southeast Asian people is shown through his resentment in everything he sees about them which are foreign to him. He hates most the teenagers who belong to gangs of Hmong and Latino and African-American youth who think and act as if the whole neighborhood is their possession. The Hmong, who live next door, along with gang bangers roaming around the streets, displeases Walt. In one evening, when Thao, a member of Hmong settlers, steals Walt’s 1972 Gran Torino prized possession to please the gang he wished to join. Equipped with his prejudgment among those people, Walt abhors their lack of morals. Then he discovers that Thao’s cousin, who is among the gang, compels Thao to steal his vintage car as an initiation. Thao’s family make amends by insisting him to work for Walt. As much as possible, Walt resented any dealings with the immigrants but he was forced to accept which eventually led to a deeper relationship with them as the days go by. Later development made Walt realize the warmth and love of the Hmongs. He discovers and realizes certain truths about them due to their continued kindness. The Hmongs were provincial refugees in the past. Now becomes his friends and a defender of them too. Universal adage says, â€Å"there’s always a second chance.’ In the film,

Bring Mobile Phones to School Essay Example for Free

Bring Mobile Phones to School Essay It has been debated nationwide and even worldwide for and against students being allowed to bring mobile phones to school. Usually, a school consists of three parts namely, the Primary, Middle and Upper section. We live in the 21st century which is very much a digital age and nowadays, almost every student other than in primary section, has a mobile phone. In my opinion, mobile phones are good for children as long as they are educated in its appropriate usage and the privilege given without being abused. Here are some reasons and benefits as to why students should bring phones to school. In the past, children had less activities in and after school and parents often never knew where their children were until they came home. In today’s world, children are so involved in after school activities such as clubs and societies, sports, music and tuition as directed by parents. Parents need to coordinate with the children, coaches, teachers in charge and other parties within their busy day to day schedules. Mobile phones allow parents to communicate with children at any time. Parents can check up on children and arrange transportation or relay important information if necessary. This supports organizing the daily schedule as we go along the day’s activities and increases the safety aspect. Mobile phones can also be an invaluable tool in emergency situations. For instance, if a student is severely injured or there is a crisis situation, cell phones can allow students to contact authorities for help. This can be especially important for students who do not travel to and from school with a parent, but in public transportation or school vans. It also helps children to have communication and build up networks amongst groups of common interests. Facilities like SMS allow to reach and communicate with large groups instantly with a record for future references, which also will save time and money. This option is also an advantage for teachers to reach their students at large in an effective manner for common messages. Further, with the added options such as Dictionary, Thesaurus, Reminders, e-mails and camera, the mobile phone expands the knowledge base and the capacity of a child and his scope. These features are commonly available in all mobile phones. Moreover, the student who carries a mobile phone has to protect it, be disciplined in it’s usage and also has to be knowledgeable in using it to his or her benefit. This improves the capacity of responsibility, self-discipline and knowledge sharing of the child which are very important attributes in a person’s life.  In conclusion, I think students should be allowed to bring mobile phones to school under the parents’ guidance and the schools should be clear in communicating its rules and regulations in terms of usage of the phones within school hours.

The Leadership Of Prophet Muhammad Religion Essay

The Leadership Of Prophet Muhammad Religion Essay The choice of the topic was prompted because of the numerous impacts and transformation the leadership of prophet Muhammad (SAW) had made to humanity and the world in general. So many scholars and historians such as Michael hart Carlyle in his book the hundred and mahatma Ghandi even though they were not Muslims they made so many assertions that the world had never witnessed a leader who has achieved so much in all spheres of leadership ; socially, economically and religiously like such as man (Muhammad SAW). An Arab man who does not know how to read or write, but was able to transform the whole of Arabian Peninsula in less than three decades. He was able to change the mind of Arabian people who happens to be so barbaric during the jahiliya period killing one another. They fought so many battles due to ethnicity, ignorance and land disputes which usually last for decades. As he came in, he was able to unite them, change their focus so as to love one another as it was reported in one of his tradition that: none of you is a complete believer unless he loves for his brother what he loves for himself. In the glorious Quran, Allah the most high says: O mankind, I have created you from a single male and female and made you in to nations and tribes; so that you man know one another. None of you is greater than the other except he who fears Allah the most. Hence all are equal before Allah. From the aforementioned, I can categorically say that prophet Muhammad SAW is a role model to leaders of all kind; politically, economically, psychologically and religiously. Therefore all leaders in the world should learn and embrace the method of his leadership, this is because he conquered the whole of Arabian Peninsula without fierce battle except where they fought against him then he fought back in defense of his territorial sovereignty. I also choose the topic because he was able to liberate women from the bondage of becoming extinct. The world over, there is no religion that has given women the liberation, respect and recognition than the religion of Islam with its leader Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as it was enshrined in the holy book of Allah. But before the advent of this great leader, a female child born to a family is considered to be a cause as such, they were either killed or buried alive. This was mentioned in the glorious Quran where Allah says; whenever one of them is giving a glad tiding of a female child, his fact would become darkened in sorrow in high state of grief. He will separate from his people the bad tidings he was given should he bury it in the earth. But he was able to bring liberation to the female folks, not only to the female folk but to humanity in general as stated in the glorious Quran we do not send you expect as a mercy to the world. The prophet Mohammed (S.A.W) exhibited the sublime condu ct of Islam, which appealed to the people to accept Islam. He used his obedience to Allah to propagate Islam; he strictly adhered to the commands and prohibitions of Allah. He derived pleasure in following the commands of Allah and other people noticed and accepted the religion. The prophet therefore used soft language while appealing to people to accept Islam. He met people in their houses and at business places to tell them about Islam, he gave examples that could convince his people that he was sent by Allah. The leadership qualities I find most admirable were his humility, his recognition of talent, and his ability to think counterintuitive. Introduction The prophet Muhammad (SAW) was born in makkah 2nd august A.D 570, his father died before he was born. His mothers name is amina she died when he was six years old he became an orphan at a very young age. Khadija gave birth to four girls and three boys all the boys died in childhood. The prophet at the age of 40 he was climbing the cave outside the city to be alone to pray and ponder he was troubled by all the injustice of mekkah, slavery, ill treatment of women, gambling, sacrifice of new born babies and the reliance on idol gods made of wood and stone but for one God of Abraham and Moses and Jesus. So as he did every year he went to the cave (cave hira) suddenly he was surrounded by light when he looked up he saw angel Gabriel standing before him he was speechless. Read said the angel I dont how was the reply Gabriel repeated his command three times and each time the reply was the same and then Gabriel thought him. The angel said read in the name of your creator he created man from the clot of blood read your lord is the most merciful who thought the use of the pen and thought men what he did not know. And then Gabriel varnished. Muhammad (SAW) shook with fear he stumbled out of the cave and ran home he doubted what he had seen but on his way down the mountain the angel appeared to him again. The angel said Muhammad you are the messenger of God he repeated himself severally. Once the angel had gone Muhammad (SAW) struggled for home. He finally arrive he was shivering he asked his wife khadija to cover him, he told her everything he had seen and heard. He said he feared for his sanity but khadija assured him that God will not allow evil spirit to overtake a man like him who had always told the truth cared for the poor and needy. Khadija was the first Islam believer and soon others followed. For three years the prophet peace be upon him preached in secret. The prophet revelation the Quran offered the most beautiful one have ever heard. He thought the Muslims that all the gods of mekkah are powerless there is only one God that is God of Abraham, Moses and Jesus. And we have to surrender everything to him there is no such thing as rich or slave in the eyes of God we are all equal and the poor are to be cared for. The Quran says in the name of God the merciful the most compassionate the most honored of you in the site of Allah is the most righteous of you, women arent possessions they are Gods creations just as important as any man respect them. The earth is a gift from God treat it gentle you are its caretaker and remember you will all be judged according to your deeds many became Muslims on that day. The prophet was a great believer in prayers; he made supplication to his Lord with zeal and favor rarely to be found in the religious literature of the world. The prophet said if they put the sun in his right hand and the moon in his left he will not stop what he is doing he will continue till either the word of God prevails or he perish in the process. To the prophet Raina but say, Unzurna and hearken (to him): to those without Faith is a grievous punishment. It is never the wish of those without faith among the people of the Book nor the polytheists. That anything good should come down to you from your Lord. But Allah will choose from his special Mercy whom He will- for Allah is Lord of grace abounding. The prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the head of state and was the ruler of nearly all Arabia. When the prophet noticed that the Quiraysh were preventing people from listening to him, he started to contact other people who came to madinah from other places. Among such people are the Yathribites. He met the first group of Yathribites at al-Aqbd. They accepted Islam from him and promised to preach it to the other people in Yathrib. They invited him to madinah and promised him protection. He therefore migrated to Yathrib which was renamed the city of the messenger. The Dawah got a boost with the migration of the prophet to madinah, many Muslims migrated to madinah from makkah. There were a lot of lessons derived from the prophet Dawah activities in madinah and Muslims are to apply them. Emulating the prophet in being soft-hearted to people they come across. Being patient in whatever they pursue as the prophet did when he was propagating Islam. Observing moral norms by avoiding what could tarnish their image and the image of Islam. Always giving people the benefit of doubt until w hat was presumed happened. Being very firm in upholding the teachings of Islam in both social and moral spheres of life. The truth is from you lord let him who will believe, and let him who will reject it, for the wrong doers we have prepared a fire whose (smoke and flames), like the walls and roof of a tent, will hem them in. if they implore relief they will be granted water like melted brass, that will scald their faces. As for those who believe and work righteousness verily we shall not suffer to perish the reward of any who do a single righteous deed. Thus did we make their case known to people, that they might know the promise of Allah is true, and that there can be no doubt about the hour of judgment. A revelation from the most Gracious, most merciful; a Book whereof the verses are explained in detail. A Quran in Arabic for people to understand, giving god news and admonition yet most of them turn away, and so they hear not. They say our hearts are under veils (concealed) from that to which thou dost invite us, and our ears is a deafness between us and there is a screen. The prophet say: I am a m an like you, it is revealed to me by inspiration that your God is one. So take the straight path unto him and ask for His forgiveness. Those who reject Allah and hinder (men) from path of Allah their deeds will Allah bring to naught. But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness, and believe in the revelation sent down to Muhammad (SAW) for it is the truth from the lord. He will remove from them their ills and improve their condition. This is because those who reject Allah follow falsehood. While those who believe follow the truth from their Lord therefore when ye meet the unbelievers smite at their necks. It is He who sent tranquility into the heart of the believers, that they may add faith to their faith. Prophet Muhammad (SAW)s distinctive communication and leadership approach led to the increase of Islam. The findings on the Prophets values of moderation revealed that he placed a lot of weight on mannerism. Humankind has to match words with deeds. Believers were not to say one thing and do the other. When told by some of his followers that they will abstain from women and devote their entire energy to prayer, he responded by stating that he was married. This was like an indirect way to inform the speaker that there was no room for pretense. By choosing to abstain you open yourself to irresistible temptation. Getting married would therefore serve as the means to shun sin and other forms of temptation. This is certainly the landmark of difference between Muhammad and other spiritual and secular leaders of his time and today. To begin with, some other spiritual leaders remained unmarried and by deciding to do so created a pattern for their followers to follow suit. But experience has shown that most of these followers could not faithfully follow their religion without falling into the te mptation of bodily pleasures. This could have been unwelcome by Muhammad. He foresaw this kind of contradiction and so taught by examples. It was like doing justice to natures calling. The Prophet was in essence advocating justice between sexes. Battles fought by prophet The battles (Badr, Uhud and Khaybar, Ditch) fought by the prophet Mohammed (S.A.W) The patience of the prophet at the face of persecution for the most of the thirteen years of Dawah in makkah. When the prophet started open Dawah in makkah, the Quiraysh reached by persecuting him. The persecution continued through the thirteen years of Dawah in makkah. The reaction of the Quiraysh included: Persecuting the prophet through physical assault, intimidation and harassment The sahabuh were also persecuted by physical assault which led to the death of a woman The family of the prophet was harassed by the Quiraysh Banà » Hà ¢skim who sympathized with the cause of the prophet was ex-communicated from makkah for three years. Battle of Uhud (625 A.D) The immediate cause of the battle of Uhud was the defeat which the Quraysh suffered at the hands of the Muslims at the battle of Badr. The Muslims were originally one thousand, but when Abdullah ibn Ubay (the leader of hypocrites) let three hundred of his followers to withdraw, the Muslims were left with 700 men to face 3,000 makkans. When the prophet heard about their coming he contacted the sahabah and it was agreed that the Muslims should go out and meet the army. Effects of the Battle of Ditch Qurashs finally attempted to wipe out Islam and the Muslims from existence had failed. Tribes in Arabia had learnt lesson to live peacefully with the Muslims Treachery of the Jews to the Muslims came into the open The prophet, therefore, punished them with ejection, enslavement and forfeiture of property. Muslims appreciated to power of Allah who saved the from the evil machinations of the Jews and the confederations Battle of Khaybar After the confederates were dispersed by God through a heavy wind storm, the prophet decided to attack the Jews of Khaybar who broke the agreement that existed between them and the Muslims. He commanded the sahabah who remained with him to defend madinah to proceed to khaybar immediately. At khaybar, the Jews who heard about the coming of the prophet had taken cover in the mountains. The Jews attacked the Muslims in a mountain path with arrows and spears. The Muslims retreated and some of the ran for safety Conclusion The prophet Mohammed (S.A.W) exhibited the sublime conduct of Islam, which appealed to the people to accept Islam. He used his obedience to Allah to propagate Islam; he strictly adhered to the commands and prohibitions of Allah. He derived pleasure in following the commands of Allah and other people noticed and accepted the religion. The prophet therefore used soft language while appealing to people to accept Islam. He met people in their houses and at business places to tell them about Islam, he gave examples that could convince his people that he was sent by Allah. A few years later in medina after a short illness the prophet (SAW) died he was sixty-three years old he always lived a simple and humble life giving everything he had to the poor.

Critical Response Teen Magazines A Critical Analysis English Language Essay

Critical Response Teen Magazines A Critical Analysis English Language Essay Magazines aimed at the young teenage women market may give the impression of being a girls best friend. Of course, like everything, they have their strengths and weaknesses but do the strengths outweigh the weaknesses? It seems more likely for the negative effects of teenage magazines to be more prominent than the positive effects but is this really the case? This response reviews the way teenage magazines address issues relevant to young women today, especially from the point of view of promoting healthy body image, safe sex and leading social justice issues. All these aspects are emphasised by techniques used in the composition of these magazines with article structure, visual collages and informal language being the most common. Are the issues they cover and the extent to which they cover them appropriate for their readers? Teenage magazines, such as Dolly and Girlfriend, are often the first place teenagers turn when they have a problem and that is when segments like Dolly Doctor  [1]  are most commonly used. This reinforces the need for the magazines content to be appropriate for their readers; however, this is not always possible. Magazines, such as Cleo and Cosmopolitan, are in a difficult position; whilst they are aimed at the young adult market, 18 to 35-year-old women, a large proportion of their readers are between the age o f 14 and 17. As reported in the respective magazines readership profiles, 35.16 per cent of Cosmopolitan readers  [2]  are aged between 14 and 17 and 29.11 per cent of Cleo readers.  [3]  How does this effect the teens who read these magazines? It appears that these effects are positive, such as encouraging their readers to exercise, as well as negative, for instance lowering their self-esteem. Why are teenage magazines so popular? Issues facing teenagers Teenage magazines play an important role in the average female teenagers life. They provide a wide range of information, from social issues such as smoking and drinking, to issues of a less important nature, such as what to wear to the formal, or how to talk to boys.  [4]  It is, therefore, important that they address the relevant issues teenagers face in society today. One of the biggest issues addressed in teenage magazines is sex, and more importantly, safe sex. The impression you acquire when you pick up a teenage magazine is that they assume that if girls are not sex savvy then they want to be.  [5]   One teenage reader asked the question concerning Chik  [6]  magazine: wheres all the sex stories?  [7]  This simple question supports the theory that teenage magazines are not necessarily successful for the correct reasons. Amongst some groups in society, such as the Christian churches, such articles are often perceived as immoral. It also makes these acts seem more common in society, which is not necessarily true. In fact, 80 percent of 16 year-olds have not had sexual intercourse but by the age of 18 theres a 50 per cent probability that they have.  [8]  Being a virgin is generally criticised by other teenagers. Despite the fact that magazines promote safe sex, research has shown that safe sex does not exist unless two virgins are having sex for the first time and remain with each other for life.  [9]   On the other hand, these magazines run articles on what their readers want to know. If Dolly magazine receive a letter asking for help about not wanting to have sex, they will run an article about abstinence. Or if they receive a letter about date rape, they will run an article about date rape and what to do about it. In the same respect, if a reader asks Dolly, what is masturbation? they will respond with an appropriate article.  [10]   There seems to be a common perception that reading teenage magazines has contributed heavily to readers low self-esteem. As a result of this perception, today teenage magazines seek to promote a health body image. Dolly magazine has a specific section in every issue called the Body Confidence Club  [11]  that is dedicated to motivating teenagers to be content with their body. This ranges from advice on exercising and meditation to healthy eating. Often it will include real-life stories to help teenagers to believe if it worked for them, it can work for me! The deputy editor of Dolly magazine said: We never publish diets or ever say that a girl should lose weight, its only ever about toning up if thats what you want to feel better about yourself.  [12]   The Body Confidence Club is a reader forum where Dolly talks about a body issue and does it in a way that is inspirational. Stories will reflect the problem and show solutions, stimulating teenagers to think that they can change too. Publishing articles on healthy body image next to fashion spreads glorifying all that is tall and skinny  [13]  can have a negative effect. What girls need to remember is that Marilyn Monroe was a size 14 and she was still considered beautiful.  [14]   Even Cosmopolitan has dealt with the issue of body image, introducing the Body Love Initiative in October 2001. This policy states that Cosmopolitan will use models from size 6 to size 16 in every issue, as well as all races. Alongside the models, Cosmopolitan will not publish a diet and has not done so for around seven years. They also ensure that their advertisers do not place unnecessary emphasis on the need to be skinny and consistently publish articles to help readers feel more confident and love the skin they are in. These guidelines were put into place after readers became outraged over a photo shoot, Lingerie Gets Real, featuring women in their underwear.  [15]  Cosmopolitans philosophy is: Healthy eating, healthy body image but being within your healthy body weight range all about feeling good in your own skin.  [16]   Another issue addressed by these magazines concerns popularity amongst peers. This is an important issue in the minds of teenagers, especially in the school environment. The common perception that you have to be cool to obtain the attention of a boy increases the pressure of becoming popular. To quash this assumption Dolly magazine focuses on the fact that popularity is not as important as being confident. Therefore they run stories about how to talk to people, both boys and girls, and how to be more confident in different situations.  [17]  However, confidence is just one part of it. If a teenager does not feel popular she is less likely to be confident. So it is important to address popularity as an issue of concern. Mental health and wellbeing are important issues to address for teenagers. They need to gain understanding of the causes, occurrences and management of these disorders. Without this knowledge there are often misconceptions about disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. Suicide, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and self-harm are all common topics of discussion in Dolly magazine because of the many letters received requesting information about certain mental illnesses. The deputy editor of Dolly states that: In all of those stories we do talk to experts about the issue and get information that the girls can use.  [18]   Cosmopolitan, on the other hand, always runs feel-good articles in the magazine each month to help their readers overcome their own anxiety and stress  [19]  but they do not run articles to increase the awareness of mental illnesses. Illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are rarely mentioned in Cosmopolitan. Physical impairment is another issue that needs to be dealt with. This is to ensure that teenagers acknowledge that people with physical impairments are not different. Dolly often publishes articles on the life story of someone with a physical impairment to show the readers that despite this impairment and the obstacles in their life they still live normally and they are like any other person. However, Cosmopolitan and Cleo fail to cover issues about physical impairment. How magazines are composed How do magazines persuade people to read so many articles and view the visual images constructed in each monthly issue? This is achieved through the language and visual techniques that are used and accentuated to capture the attention of the reader. These include structure, interviews, language features, pull-quotes, rhetorical questions and visual texts. Firstly, the structure of most feature articles is changing. They are beginning to be separated by many sub-headings. By using sub-headings it allows the reader to go straight to the part of the article they are particularly interested in. For example in the Dolly article, The Rise of the Straight Edgers,  [20]  if a person knew what a Straight Edger is, but was wondering where the name came from they can go to the sub-section, Whats with the name?  [21]  Or if they wanted to find out more, they are directed to the section, Wanna know more?  [22]  This means that a person can get what they want out of the article quickly without having to read the entire article. The types of articles also vary from stories, interviews and notes. Stories are effective in entertaining as well as informing. The investigation into the statistic that 1 in 5 women will experience violence during pregnancy  [23]  is informing the reader about the risks of violence during pregnancy as well as telling the stories of women who lost their lives at the hand of the father of their unborn child. The use of interviews creates the impression that the reader is communicating with the interviewee, and not reading it second hand. An interview, such as Tammin Sursoks subtitled, The first time I ,  [24]  gives the reader the feeling of having a conversation with your best friend about the first time you kissed a boy had sex fell in love à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [25]  This creates the effect that the reader is getting to know the celebrity personally, instead of just reading a magazine interview. The use of first person also emphasizes this in the mind of the reader. This approach is taken in most interviews in magazines in an attempt to personalize the article for the reader. Notes allow the reader to go straight to short bits of information. In Rags to Riches  [26]  the reader can quickly obtain small pieces of fact from the spreadsheet of information. These text formats allow different readers to access the information that is of specific interest to them. The language used amongst teenage magazines is informal, conversational and full of jargon and slang. This is because these magazines try to speak to the reader, not speak at them. You could imagine that if one of these magazines happened to use formal language it would appear as though the magazine is a text book and very serious. Informal language creates a much more carefree approach to topics of discussion positioning the reader to relate more easily. For example, if this sentence: When you look at Jade, she strikes you as just another spunky chick, in miniature  [27]   was written formally it would say something along the lines of: Upon viewing Jade, your first impression of her would be, a short but fashionable woman. Instead, using informal language helps to keep the teenagers interested and they are more likely to read and understand what is being said. It also fits in with each magazines philosophy  [28]   to be the readers friend and adviser. Jargon and slang reaches the teenagers on their level. In this particular sentence slang is adopted strongly and still manages to communicate its message: You probably heard Paris [Hilton] threw a tanti when she saw her porn vid being sold by her local newsstand owner  [29]   Words such as tanti and vid are slang for tantrum and video. The purpose of this language is to relate to the teens by communicating to them using their own jargon. Emotive language is used to create a response in the reader and is present in sections like Dolly Doctor  [30]  and Sex, Body and Friends Advice  [31]  . Its intention is to convey the message that the writers at each magazine truly care about the issues people are asking about and they offer genuine advice to help their reader. When Girlfriend Advice was questioned about bullying, their response was: All of us here at GF [Girlfriend] feel very strongly that you have a right to feel totally safe at school.  [32]   The expression of concern for the girl being bullied helps the girl to believe that they really care. Dolly magazine also does the same thing. When Dolly counsellor, Louise Redmond, was asked about whether there is something wrong with a girl who keeps being excluded from her friendship groups plans she responds: Theres absolutely nothing wrong with you! Hard as it is, dont take it personally.  [33]   As a result of this expression of kindness and concern the person asking the question then feels compelled to follow the advice handed out to them by the magazine. The use of second person addresses the reader. Its inclusiveness embraces each readers concerns. Pull-quotes are used within articles to compel you to read an article. A pull-quote is a quote from the article that is selected and highlighted amongst the text in a different coloured and larger sized font. This device is used to draw the readers eye to the page. The quote is chosen on its strength and whether or not it is interesting, funny, exciting or riveting.  [34]  For example, in the article titled, Im a teenage mum of three,  [35]  the pull-quote, All of my friends lost their virginity before me, but I wanted to wait until I felt ready to have a baby  [36]   interests the reader into reading the article to find out why this teenager has three children by the age of seventeen. This is effective in attracting interest and attention to the article. However, other pull-quotes can seem completely irrelevant to the story. For example, an article titled My parents are both blind  [37]  with a pull quote: If someones playing kickball I run off coz Im scared about it hitting me  [38]   This pull-quote seems completely out of context, however, by causing confusion about the article teenagers are more likely to read the article. If only to find out how that pull-quote relates to an article about something perceivably different. Rhetorical questions invoke thought about the issue being addressed. If the issue is not a well-known topic questions such as: Does he love it? Hate it?  [39]   strategically placed at the beginning of the article encourages readers to engage in reading and contemplating the article. The composers of the magazines have, therefore, reached its purpose to persuade people to read their publications. Emphasised questions help to make the reader focus on what an article is addressing. The majority of the questions asked are answered within the body of the article. What can you do to stop the symptoms?  [40]   is answered, Learn new and better ways to deal with stress. Eat a varied diet and avoid foods that have a high fat content  [41]   This allows the reader to gain closure on the topic of discussion. If you were to pick up the latest Dolly magazine to find that there were no pictures at all, what would you think? Without images these magazines would have no appeal, people would just walk straight past them in a shop. The problem begins at the appropriateness of these visual images. Often an article would not survive without images or be overlooked if it was not for the suggestive images surrounding the text. The most prominent visual technique is a collage, especially on the front cover. It is the most effective way of putting a lot of information into a small space. A collage is used in Dollys Style section  [42]  and presents to the reader four celebrities, their fashion style, and the clothing articles and accessories they can obtain to achieve the same fashion style. Some articles, such as How Old Is She?  [43]  , could not exist without pictures. How do you demonstrate that a person looks young or old for their actual age without images? These pictures, however, seize the readers attention and intrigue them to find out how old these girls really are. Other pictures are used to tease the reader into reading the article. Images such as the one in Great Places To Kiss  [44]  catches the readers eye and provokes them to read the article. Even the image for the article Stop Texting Me!  [45]  provokes the reader. They see a girl with a mobile phone and quickly examine the article to see if it is of any interest to them. In Cosmopolitans fashion workshop  [46]  visual images are essential to explain why you should not wear certain types of underwear for different body shapes. However, Cosmopolitan has taken some poetic licence. In the images showing the reader what not to wear they place the model in an unflattering pose and appearing self-conscious. This creates the effect that it is not something the reader would want to wear. Of course, when the model is wearing what ultimately looks better she appears to be happy and confident, posing with a smile. A recurring way of presenting photos is in the notice board style. Each photo has a thick white border and a paper clip or thumb-tack in the corner, giving the effect that the photos are up on a notice board, attached to a personal profile or even part of a personal notebook.  [47]  Personalising these photos involves the reader in the magazine and creates a carefree atmosphere. Consequently, the combination of these techniques makes a teenage magazine intriguing to the reader. This results from being positioned by the composer in a location easily accessible to read or view the text. By making these magazines intriguing and easily accessible allows the magazines to sell many copies of each monthly issue. Magazines and Appropriateness Many people tend to focus on the negative aspects of what teenagers are reading in magazines. Christopher Bantick, The Age journalist, wrote: Besides the heavy emphasis on sex and problematic sex at that teenage girls magazines capitalize on adolescent insecurity.  [48]   Although this is accurate, Bantick could be optimistic and, instead of reinforcing common beliefs about magazines, he could address the fact that these magazines do aim to reach out to teenagers at their level and help them with their insecurities, whether that would be about sexual intercourse or not. Magazines have implemented sections within the magazines where their readers can write in to ask for advice  [49]  about something they feel uncomfortable asking their parents or even their friends. Many parents do not like what their daughters are reading in these teenage magazines, as evident by the Your Say section of The Age,  [50]  but many more are actually dejected that their daughters are growing up too fast and interested in such topics of discussion. Articles regarding Sex Exotica  [51]  would seem inappropriate for a 14-year-old female to be reading. Such an article may be appropriate for Cosmopolitans market audience, 18 to 35 year olds. However, the editors should take into account that a large percentage of the readers, 35.16 per cent  [52]  to be exact, are aged between 14 and 17. However, if Cleo and Cosmopolitan were to change their content to suit the younger readers than they may lose readers and they would not be aimed at the 18 to 35 year old market any longer. It seems, with these two magazines in particular, they are mostly focused on topics such as sexual intercourse. Parents feel these magazines are not appropriate because of a perceived breach of moral standards. Cosmopolitans morals were questioned when a monthly issue was on sale in a Woolworths store. They received many complaints about a headline regarding a guide to a mind-blowing blow-job.  [53]  Cosmopolitan were forced to place stickers over this headline as it was inappropriate for the consumers in a supermarket. Many critics consider it inappropriate for young teenagers to be reading material such as that in Cosmopolitan and Cleo, and it is just as inappropriate for pre-teenagers to be reading Dolly or Girlfriend with the content they represent. Magazines have the potential to influence young minds about what is acceptable and unacceptable in society as well as altering their way of thinking about sexual intercourse and gender roles. There are other reasons why teenage magazines appeal to a young audience. Firstly, there are the striking colours, secondly, the famous boy or girl splashed across the cover page and thirdly, the desire to be cooler and mature for their age. These magazines reveal little about the value of academic achievement and intellectual challenges. It is fair to say that the brain is not the hot organ at the centre of the teenage magazine world. This lack of concern about formal education is reflected in Dolly and Girlfriend with less than 20 per cent  [54]  of articles focused on education and/or intelligence. Only Cosmopolitan and Cleo frequently publish articles about careers. However, of the articles published in each magazine, less than 5 per cent  [55]  of the articles are based on careers. The effects of these magazines Teenage magazines can affect teenagers in many ways, both positively and negatively. However because people tend to focus on the negatives it appears as though most of these effects are, in fact, negative. A study by the British Medical Association  [56]  has shown that: The media are a significant and pervasive influence in modern society, and provide information about gender roles, fashion and acceptable body image which may be particularly influential on those young children and adolescents who are heavily exposed to its content  [57]   And: Young women may compare themselves to extremely thin models à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and perceive themselves as fat in comparison, rather than healthy and attractive  [58]   This sort of influence on an already insecure teenager could result in social and psychological problems. These include eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, anxiety problems, depression and low self-esteem in susceptible personalities. Such problems are not healthy for the individual and restrict their quality of life. These problems, especially anxiety and low self-esteem, may arise from viewing the cover of any teenage magazine. This visual imagery may cause teenagers to feel insecure about their own body image, out of touch with the latest trends and even confused. Positioned on the cover of Dolly  [59]  magazine, April 2005, is an image of singer, Jessica Simpson, who is thin, toned, tanned, blonde, beautiful and in public view is her tight stomach and ample bust. For any girl who is not one hundred per cent comfortable with her outward appearance that image can be disheartening and depressing. Those who do not recognise the name or face of the latest guys youd sell your best friend for  [60]  can feel as though they are not up with the latest gossip or workings of, so to speak, girl-world. Those who do not understand the headline Stuck in Bloat Town?  [61]  can become confused even before opening the magazine. All of these thoughts and feelings occur before the person has even open ed the magazine. Once the magazine is opened, however, the feelings may continue or cease, it all depends on what part of the magazine the reader focuses on. The advertisements tend to send a completely different message than the articles they are placed next to and results in vulnerable teenage girls feeling uncertain about what message the magazine is trying to send. This mainly occurs when an article about healthy body image is placed next to image displaying a perceivably flawless, thin model.  [62]   Another impact on teenagers is caused by the fashions that models are seen wearing in magazines. These fashions influence the readers preferences. Teenagers will believe that if they wear that brand of clothing and that style of clothing they will look better and impress. This is not always the case, the clothes in magazines are often suggestive and send the wrong message. It could be interpreted that shes asking for trouble and a rebel when she is only following trends being fed by the magazines. Males can also be affected by these magazines, as well as females. It is a widely known fact that these images misrepresent the ideal body image for females but: There is growing awareness regarding the pressure men and boys are under to appear muscular.  

Populist Party :: American History Politics Essays

Populist Party The Populist Party, a third political party that originated in America in the latter part of the nineteenth century, derived as a result of farmer discontent and economic distress. This was caused by the country's shift from an agricultural American life to one in which industrialists dominated the nation's development. The public felt as if they were being cheated by these "robber barons," a term given to those who took advantage of the middle and lower classes by "boldly stealing the fruits of their toils" (Morgan, 30). These corporate tycoons' conduct was legal, however ethically dubious it was. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a well-known railroad baron, reportedly once said, "Law! What do I care about the law? Hain't I got the power?" (Morgan, 30) The change from agrarian to industrial had a profound effect on everyone's life. Ignatius Donnelly, a leader in the Populist Party wrote, "We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. Corruption d ominates the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench . . . A vast conspiracy against mankind has been organized" (Tindall, 957). As a result of this significant transformation, along with several different perspectives of peoples' mores, several reform movements were commenced, such as prohibition, socialism, and the Greenback Labor Party. Each of these movements was launched by different coalitions in hopes of making a difference either for themselves or for the good of the country. The farmers, specifically, were unhappy for four particular reasons: physical problems, social and intellectual concerns, economic difficulties, and political frustrations. The physical concerns the climate of the time period. Following 1885, there was a large drought on the American prairie, thus causing this land to become known as the "Dust Bowl." Furthermore, there were extreme blizzards resulting in innumerable deaths of cattle and livestock. Also, farms were very isolated causing the women and children to lead a life of solitude and boredom. They demanded change. In fact, the women were the ones to start libraries and other meeting places for themselves and their children. This isolation made schooling for children quite difficult. Most kids who lived on the farm did not receive a proper education, or one of any kind for that matter. Farmers' economic problems are more intricate. Events baffled the farmer. They believed that deflation was the cause of their problem.

King Lear :: essays research papers

ACT ONE, SCENE ONE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  KING LEAR Lines 248  ¡V 260 It is said by Lear that it would have been better if Cordelia  ¡Ã‚ §hadst not been born than not t ¡Ã‚ ¦have pleased me better ¡Ã‚ ¨, but France supports her by referring to her as  ¡Ã‚ §Fairest Cordelia ¡Ã‚ ¨ to put her into a better light. As France is portrayed as a  ¡Ã‚ §true gentleman ¡Ã‚ ¨ his views and opinions are respected more by the audience than Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s, because Lear appears to the viewers as an egotistical and cruel man. Therefore, when France describes Cordelia as being  ¡Ã‚ §rich ¡Ã‚ ¨ but  ¡Ã‚ §poor ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §Most choice ¡Ã‚ ¨ yet  ¡Ã‚ §forsaken ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §most loved ¡Ã‚ ¨ though  ¡Ã‚ §despised! ¡Ã‚ ¨ the audience sees a major contrast through these paradoxes and agrees with France. This makes Lear look as if he is doing something  ¡Ã‚ §monstrous ¡Ã‚ ¨ as his opinion differs so much from France ¡Ã‚ ¦s. The fact that Lear is saying such shocking things about his daughter who he earlier called  ¡Ã‚ §our joy ¡  ¨ shows that his words are not to be trusted. Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s  ¡Ã‚ ¥monstrous ¡Ã‚ ¨ behaviour is greatly emphasised by the different language techniques that France uses, such as the use of the paradoxes and the rhyming couplets like  ¡Ã‚ §my chance ¡Ã‚ ¨ with  ¡Ã‚ §fair France ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §cold ¡Ã‚ ¦st neglect ¡Ã‚ ¨ to  ¡Ã‚ §inflamed respect ¡Ã‚ ¨. By using these methods, stress is put onto the point that is being made by France and therefore is more explicit to the audience. France also uses loaded verbs to describe Lear ¡Ã‚ ¦s actions, including  ¡Ã‚ §cast ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §thrown ¡Ã‚ ¨, to suggest that Lear is being harsh and barbaric towards Cordelia, as these verbs sound aggressive. Lines 237  ¡V 239 When France remarks that  ¡Ã‚ §Love ¡Ã‚ ¦s not love ¡Ã‚ ¨ when it is  ¡Ã‚ §mingled with regards ¡Ã‚ ¨ that stand  ¡Ã‚ §Aloof from th ¡Ã‚ ¦entire point ¡Ã‚ ¨ he reveals a major issue that arises in this play. By saying this, he means that when there are other things being considered at the same time as love, the love cannot be true, as love should never be conditional. This is being directed towards King Lear and Burgundy, as being a father and a prospective husband, respectively, they should have unconditional love for Cordelia, which they evidently do not have. King Lear disowned his daughter within seconds because she didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t  ¡Ã‚ §mend ¡Ã‚ ¨ her  ¡Ã‚ §speech a little ¡Ã‚ ¨ to boost her father ¡Ã‚ ¦s ego and the result of this was that she would  ¡Ã‚ §mar ¡Ã‚ ¨ her  ¡Ã‚ §fortunes ¡Ã‚ ¨. Burgundy, a possible suitor for Cordelia, stated that she would  ¡Ã‚ §lose a husband ¡Ã‚ ¨ unless he got his  ¡Ã‚ §portion ¡Ã‚ ¨ of the King ¡Ã‚ ¦s wealth, which was to be his dowry.

The Importance of Freedom Exposed in Anthem :: Anthem Essays

The Importance of Freedom Exposed in Anthem    In the novel Anthem, Ayn Rand writes about the future dark ages. Anthem takes place in city of a technologically backwards totalitarian society, where mankind is born in the home of the infants and dies in the home of the useless. Just imagine, being born in to a life of slavery having no freedom, no way of self expression, no ego. The city represented slavery. When in the city, Equality had been guilty of many transgressions. He was not like his brothers, he was different he was smarter, healthier, and stronger. At the age of five he advanced to home of the student, where he got scolded for learning faster then his brothers. Equality teachers told him that he had evil in his bones because he was taller then his brothers. Then at the age of fifteen when the house of vocations came Equality was guilty of the great transgression of preference because he wanted to be a scholar, but his selected vocation was to be a street sweeper. Every day while he swept by the fields he would watch and smile at Liberty and she would smile back. Liberty was a woman that worked in the home of the peasants. Making contact with a woman was prohibited but for when in the palace of the mating. The palace of the mating was where people were forced to breed. Equality thought touching a woman was shameful and ugly. Th! en one day while h e swept the streets he found a grate that led to underground tunnel full of things from the unmentionable times. For two years he went to the tunnel and discovered a new glowing light. Then one day while in the tunnel decided that he must share his secret with his brothers. He decided that he would bring his secret in front of the world council meeting. When Equality entered the world council meeting the scholars got frightened and angry. They demanded that he tell them why he was there. He connected the wires and they glowed, the scholars backed up against the wall as they stared in horror. They told him that he they were going to punish for breaking so many laws. Equality trembled in fright he quickly grabbed the light and ran to the uncharted forest. No man followed because they feared the unknown.

T.V Soap Opera Analysis

Anna Shvets Jennifer Katman Tuesday Thursday T. V Class April 26,2010 T. V Soap Opera Analysis In the T. V series of â€Å"Will and Grace†, there is one gay male character named Will, one male character named Jack who acts feminine, a straight female character named Grace and heterosexual female named Karen which is Graces’ friend. Will and Grace who live together are both looking for love, but will never find it with each other because Will is gay and Grace is straight. All of these characters play and important role in this show either gay or straight. I can tell whether the characters are gay or straight by how they act towards each other or just in general. Will is a gay male who is very handsome and attractive, and works as a successful lawyer in Manhattan. When he attends work it is a total institution because there is authority over him and he has to follow certain kind of rules to not get fired. In the show, he doesn’t act gay to me because he lives with Grace and acts very high class. His gay side comes out when he goes on a date or to a gay bar. This is another total institution when he goes to gay bars because usually the gay people are in authority and pretty much there are rules! On the other hand, Jack who acts feminine who plays a really funny role can’t find a job so he is unemployed. His role as a male is hilarious because he totally acts like a girl but doesn’t hid on men even though, judging his outside I would think that he is the more gay one. Even though he is funny he is unstable because he has nothing to depend on for example a job to help him provide money. The portrayals of the gale males in this show are positive. Their roles are humorous throughout all the series. Jack is always acting feminine and Will is always acting more serious but that’s what makes him be more humorous. It is shown in a multidimensional way because it shows Will who acts as a more serious gay male and it shows Jack who acts more feminine but is still considered gay. I can tell that’s the portrayal is more positive because even though the T. V show has gay males, it doesn’t show them making out or being all touchy, it just shows an example of gay males who have a big sense of humor. On the other hand when you try to relate it back to the real world you can see that not all gay men are like that. There was one episode where Grace took Jack to her dinner party, and Jack couldn’t settle down until they got out of there because he was very suspicious what people would think of him. He was expecting to have all eyes one him, which would make him feel very uncomfortable and maybe even hearing some name calling. At the dinner party Jack gave compliments to everyone, and one of Graces coworkers really adored Jack because he was in love with her shoes and I don’t even think she noticed that he was gay. The image that this program portrays of gay men is both good and bad from different points of views. For example, I am against gays because that’s against my religion. Even though I don’t like homosexuality, that doesn’t mean that I hate every gay or lesbian person out there, it just means that I don’t like what they do or what they believe in. I have seen many gay males everywhere, at the mall, at salons and they seem to be the nicest people with great personalities but I just don’t like the whole gay part. To other people who are for gays, I think that this program shows them an even better side of gays because they are filled with humor. Some of the pictures that are shown with gay males holding hands or hugging do bother me because I don’t think that it’s right. There was a part where Grace said something like real intense but Jack didn’t get offended but if you look at it from a side you would say that it is ok to call people names. That is a negative effect on society because if you have a child and saw a lady on T. V calling a gay guy a faget, it would not be ok for her to call a gay guy she sees on the street a faget. The content of this program contributes to our socialization process because in sociology we learn to view things from other people’s perspectives and being gay or lesbian is what people choose to be even though some are against it. From society we learn that gay men can also reach a goal in life and have a high paying job or look handsome because they are also people that want a good future. From these T. V shows we can analyze a lot but we need to here every character before we make a decision whether we like the show or not. I do acknowledge that there are negative effects and there are positive ones. For example my mom told me that this show is a way of making people gay because it shows men happy and funny so men just try to be like them. She says that it is a negative effect on us and everyone who watches it. Opinion- In my opinion, I think that the TV’s powers of socialization is going a little bit out of control because everything is being shown on TV that was never shown before and its starting to become normal. I’m not saying if you watch it you’re going to want to be gay. I just don’t remember having so many shows with gay characters. Either was I thinking it is good that they have characters like that that way we don’t cut any kind of people off. Gay people are just like you and me! In this show there is one thing that I absolutely did not like. It was the fact that Grace and Will find love but at the same time there is always something wrong with it. When grace bring someone home Will like them at first and hates him after he uses Grace. This show is an on going conflicting story about these four characters that try to get love but somehow it fires back at them say there isn’t any true love out there. It’s a bumber to watch those kind of thing because when kids watch it they can have a negative effect on themselves saying that there’s no point looking for mr. write or for my princess. When having a negative affect from a show it makes you think about how you can change it.

Inventory System for Gamot Publiko Drugstore Document Essay

1.1Background of the Study It has been disclosed during the interview that Gamot Publiko Drugstore needs a computerized inventory system. The company’s current inventory monitory system though works for them has to automate. A simplified computerized inventory system will be very helpful to the company since this will expedite its inventory workflow as well as generate very timely reports needed by the management for its evaluation and review and overall decision making. An inventory control system is a process for managing and locating objects or materials. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components. Modern inventory control systems often rely upon barcodes and RFID tags to provide automatic identification of inventory objects. In an academic study performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset: merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. Inventory Systems help companies with huge inventories to easily and accurately monitor their stocks. With the use of a database, information will be readily available to the user and can be easily updated without having to scroll through spreadsheets. 1.2Statement of the Problem As business has grown rapidly , inventory monitoring becomes significant factor in managing overall business operation. The company had humble beginnings in terms of sales. From a few easy to handle flow of inventory stocks, the company had to handle large volume of stocks due to sales demand. The stock cards used as inventory monitoring sheets , were transferred to MS excel type control sheets. As sales and purchase volume increased, sales returns and inventory claims were inevitable. The process of updating inventory files became slow .Though reports are generated, they were usually delayed. The need for timely inventory reports is necessary in assessing business performance . A more convenient, easy to monitor, easy to access inventory monitoring system will ease the problem on unaccounted inventory and delayed inventory reports. 1.3Objectives of the Study 1.3.1General Objective To develop a computerized inventory system for Gamot Publiko Drugstore that will make its inventory monitoring convenient, efficient and timely. 1.3.2Specific Objective †¢To develop a module that will automate the monitoring and updating of the company’s inventory. †¢To develop a module that will provide a timely and convenient report generation. 1.4Significance of the Study The company currently maintains inventory level at three months of its sales requirements. Before the company’s inventory turns low of its inventory level requirement, an order needs to be placed through a Purchase Order duly approved by the company’s responsible approving officers. This Purchase Order is then sent to suppliers for acceptance and delivery. Sometimes, the company does bulk order as negotiated between the supplier for bigger discounts and low pricing. So far, the company has never encountered any problem among its supplier . Goods were so far been delivered in good condition and on time . 1.5Scope and Limitation For the company Our System would help the company to make easier to store and retrieve all the data file. I will allow the management to check and closely monitor the data file transaction and status of their stock. For the user This System lessens their time of work in checking and updating all the files and protecting of the files are included in this system so the user might open the file without concern of something happen to it. Transactions Stock Ordering A stock order simply means the ordering of new stock to refill the inventory, replenish shelves or when a large order has been made etc. The warehouse will be contacted and the delivery will be made. Customer Purchase A Customer Purchase simply means that the customer will buy what they want or what they need in the company.

Self-image is a big problem for many women

Self-image is a big problem for many women, including myself. Many nights are spent at the gym, working out for hours, trying to sculpt the body into what society considers â€Å"attractive†. After running for thirty minutes and 500 crunches, you stand in front of the mirror in the women's locker room in disapproval. Then you say to yourself, â€Å"I'll be back tomorrow. † Sound familiar? That's because it is! Many women face problems about their bodies because of Britain's unrealistic stereotype of what is desirable. Forms of media such as childhood toys, magazine advertisements, and television have made a negative impact on girls and women (in particular) of all ages. Some of the anxieties that come with the entertainment industry's perception of â€Å"what is attractive† have the tendency to lead to serious problems such as low self-esteem and eating disorders. From a young age girls have faced the pressure of achieving physical perfection even from the toys they play with; the unrealistic body-perfect measurements of the popular childhood toy Barbie. Little girls love from Britain to Brazil love Barbie. Barbie is one of the best-selling toys in the world and could explain why Barbie has been accused of setting a negative stereotype for children in society. The big dilemma seems to be Barbie's current figure-long legs, skinny waist, narrow hips, and ample bosom. Not only does Barbie depict what society considers attractive but She has everything little girls dream of, a perfect house, figure and boyfriend, Sending a subconscious message to society; If you get the body you can get The guy, the Malibu beach house, with a pink convertible in the garage. As girls grow older they put their Barbie dolls to rest and, along comes a new and more extreme age of what they are exposed to new forms of media. Such as the teen magazines featuring articles about boys, beauty, and fashion. But They are sandwiched between glamorized advertisements for beauty Products, messages once again being sent of the body perfect and ‘lifestyle perfect' Previous childhood messages of the infamous Barbie doll once again being thrusted into the faces of adolescent girls. But this time Britney Spears is the new Barbie and she's real. Running around in her skimpy crop tops and perfect pop star boyfriend; she has it all, doesn't she? Young woman (under 25) are increasingly tuned in to a celebrity culture where the models' and actresses' bodies are considerably thinner than they've ever been in the past, and is seductive and appealing for young girls to resist. Since these actresses, pop stars are role models for girls nation-wide, they influence the way girls think, behave, and try to look, Scary thought†¦ Britney may well be the new Barbie†¦. Has the consequent pursuit of thinness become a new religion? And is the media responsible for low self-esteem and eating disorders? That may well be a contributing factor but inevitably it will always be down to the individual themselves. 2003 a year where there is no definite body shape or lifestyle, we should just aspire and embrace being ourselves, not want what the likes of Victoria and David Beckham have, or want Britney's ‘perfect body'. The only person that you will have to live with all your life is you, not Posh! It is important for women, including myself, to realize society's standards of what is desirable are unrealistic as well as unhealthy. So, the next time I go to the gym and stare into the full-length mirror in the women's locker room, I will accept myself for who I am. I may not be as thin as a magazine model or as attractive as a television actress, but be happy with your self as the inner beauty always shines through.

Homeostasis and Pain Management in Patient with Multisystem Failure Essay

A. Assessment of Patient The assessment of Mrs. Baker should include vital signs including pulse oximetry. Given her difficulty in breathing, lung sounds should be auscultated. Because she is on two different medications that could affect blood pressure, lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), hypotension could be one cause of her collapsing. In addition to vital signs, decreased peripheral pulses and capillary refill can also be indicators of hypotension. Also, because HCTZ is a diuretic, dehydration should be considered. Since she was in her backyard when she collapsed, it could be that she was doing yard work. Thus, it is important to know what she was doing before she collapsed. The outside temperature and whether Mrs. Baker became overheated or drank enough fluids could be useful factors in assessing her fluid-electrolyte balance. Serum electrolyte levels and vital signs should be taken, and color and skin turgor should be assessed. Dehydration could also contribute to hypotension. Mrs. Baker should be placed on a cardiac monitor and an EKG obtained to rule out any dysrhythmias. Given Mrs. Baker’s respiratory symptoms and her history of hypertension and diabetes (which are the two biggest risk factors for congestive heart failure), a chest x-ray should be done. Arterial blood gases could assist in further assessing her oxygenation, as well as acid-base balance. Also, since Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, a blood glucose level should be done, since hypoglycemia could be a cause of her mental status changes. When Mrs. Baker is alert, pain can be assessed through a verbal â€Å"numbers† scale, or a â€Å"faces† scale if she is mildly confused. When she becomes unresponsive, non-verbal indicators of discomfort should be observed, such as muscle tension, grimace, and grunting. B. Technological Tools A stethoscope is an essential assessment tool. It is needed to assess breath sounds, heart sounds, and perhaps assist in taking the blood pressure. A stethoscope works by amplifying internal sounds through a diaphragm and transmitting them through a hollow tube to the earpieces. (Schunk, p. 1) The sounds can be interpreted by a skilled assessor and used to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. In Mrs. Baker’s case, it would be extremely important to listen to her lung sounds to determine if there are changes associated with atelectasis, or more likely, to assess for fluid sounds in the lungs, which would be an indicator of congestive heart failure. If a manual blood pressure measurement is being taken, the stethoscope would also be essential to listening for restored peripheral blood flow as the pressure in the cuff is being released. The benefit of a stethoscope is that it is a simple tool that can be used to easily obtain an initial assessment of a patient’s breath sounds while waiting on more complicated assessments, such as blood gases and chest x-rays. If a manual blood pressure cuff is not available, blood pressure will probably be obtained using an electronic blood pressure device such as a Dinamap. A blood pressure measurement, as well as other vital signs, would be key in determining whether Mrs. Baker was suffering from hypotension related to her new medication, lisinopril. A manual blood pressure cuff has the benefit of being more accurate at extremely high or extremely low pressures, while an electronic device, such as a Dinamap, can be set to automatically check blood pressure at regular intervals. Many cardiac monitors also have blood pressure capabilities built in, so that may be an option for obtaining blood pressure. A cardiac monitor would be used for Mrs. Baker to watch for arrhythmias, which could be caused by lisinopril, or be another sign of congestive heart failure or an acute myocardial infarction. Mrs. Baker has a history of hypertension and diabetes, which are the two greatest risk factors for heart disease. An electrocardiogram (EKG) would be useful for diagnosing heart disease or damage as well. A cardiac monitor is essential in continuous monitoring of the patient, but a 12 lead EKG has the benefit of being able to better pinpoint the specific areas of the heart that are affected or damaged. Blood sugar can be obtained from a drop of blood with a glucometer such as One Touch, or it may be obtained along with the serum chemistry and electrolyte analyses from the lab. A glucometer is a quick and easy way of determining the blood glucose level. Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, and is on an antidiabetic drug, Metformin. Her change in mental status could be due to low blood sugar. This would be easily diagnosed with a glucometer, and easily treated with IV glucose, so it should be one of the first assessments made. A glucometer has the benefit of being a quicker and easier way to obtain a blood sugar level, while a serum glucose may be more accurate at extremely high or low levels. Pulse oximetry can be done with a dedicated pulse oximeter, or it may also be built in to the capabilities of the cardiac monitor. Since Mrs. Baker is suffering from respiratory difficulty, it is essential to find out her blood oxygen saturation level. An arterial blood gas would not only be helpful in giving a more precise measurement of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide, it would also give useful information about the pH of her blood and the bicarbonate level. Pulse oximetry has the benefit of alerting caregivers to acute changes in blood oxygenation level, while arterial blood gases gives a more detailed picture of the of the state of gas exchange in the lungs Serum electrolytes would be measured by the laboratory. These would be helpful in diagnosing dehydration and/or kidney function. Electrolytes are also essential in cardiac function. In fact, serum electrolytes are a good overall way to assess homeostasis in a patient. A radiographer will use an X-ray machine to obtain the chest x-ray, either in the radiology department, or will use a portable model. A chest x-ray is another way to assess respiratory function. A chest x-ray could show fluid in the lungs, as well as atelectasis or infiltrate. It would also show cardiomegaly, which is another indicator of congestive heart failure. A portable chest x-ray would be beneficial, as it would not require Mrs. Baker to be taken from the emergency department. Finally, if Mrs. Baker has been a patient at this facility before, the Electronic Medical Record can make it easy to find information on her past medical history. This is an improvement over medical records of years past, which usually had to be located in extensive file cabinets or even on microfiche. Sometimes these records were lost or misfiled. Electronic Medical Records are usually easy to locate. C. Data Collection Prioritization Vital signs, pulse oximetry, and a visual assessment should always be the first assessments performed on a patient. The severity of the vital signs will determine whether emergency life-support interventions need to be initiated at once, and will give the caregivers clues to what needs to be looked at next. Since hypoglycemia is an emergency situation, a finger-stick blood sugar should be the next assessment formed. And since Mrs. Baker is having respiratory difficulty, breath sounds should be assessed as soon as possible to determine what measures need to be taken to insure adequate ventilation. Lab work, x-rays, and other tests should be done after the initial assessments, since the results will take longer to obtain. D. Pain Assessment Comparison In alert and oriented patients with no cognitive impairments, the best way to measure pain is to use the â€Å"numbers† scale. Using this scale, you have the patient rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst pain they can imagine. Pain is subjective, meaning that it can only be judged by the person in pain, and not by an observing party. The numbers scale gives an easy way for a person to tell her nurse the level of her pain, and to judge how much it is relieved by interventions. A geriatric patient who is alert but has mild cognitive impairments may be confused by numbers, but can be given the Wong Baker faces pain scale to help to measure their pain in the same way as the numbers scale. A patient who is not alert or who is unconscious is obviously not going to be able to describe her pain to her caregiver. In this case, the caregiver will have to observe the patient for non-verbal signs of discomfort. These include grimace, muscle tension, increase heart rate, respirations, or blood pressure, and moaning or grunting. E. Pain Management If Mrs. Baker was not alert enough to respond to questions but was showing signs of pain, and given the standing orders of acetaminophen or morphine, I would elect to give the patient morphine. The patient is not alert enough to take any medication by mouth, and an oral medication will take longer to work. Intravenous Morphine works very quickly, and may decrease the work of breathing in patients with congestive heart failure. The caregiver should reassess the patient’s pain after giving any pain medications. In the case of a non-alert patient, the caregiver would look for signs such as stabilization of vital signs and muscle relaxation. I have learned that the geriatric patient has a decrease in physiologic reserve, and therefore there is a shorter time between changes in homeostasis and a state of shock. Because of this, when an elderly patient is showing signs of distress, assessment and interventions should be done quickly to improve outcome. I also learned that an elderly patient may live their everyday life with a certain level of chronic pain, so when they complain of acute pain, it should be taken seriously and treated promptly. F. Team Members Mrs. Elli Baker may have been assessed initially by an EMT or paramedic, if emergency medical services had been called to transport her to the emergency room. Upon arrival, she would have been assessed by a nurse, and at the same time or shortly thereafter, the emergency room physician. The nurse would have obtained vital signs, applied the cardiac monitor, and obtained the finger stick blood sugar, while the physician would have given an initial set of orders. A respiratory therapist would have probably been called, given her respiratory difficulties, and an EKG technician would have been called to do an electrocardiogram. Labs may have been drawn by a phlebotomist or a nurse, and the arterial blood gases would have been obtained by the respiratory therapist or a phlebotomist, depending on the facility’s policy. Finally, a radiology technician would have performed the chest x-ray. When the nurse noticed that Mrs. Baker became unresponsive and started having more difficulty breathing, she would have notified the physician of the changes and called any necessary support staff to assist with Mrs. Baker’s immediate care.

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge Essay

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge is the basis of success - Essay Example Knowledge makes a person perfect. Some people believe that the need of education is only to grab a job. The above perception is a wrong one. Education helps a person immensely in leading a successful life in many ways. Huge expenses of college education are the major reason for the drop outs of students from American colleges. Because of the dipping of American economy, financial problems are evident in most of the families. Americans usually spend more than what they earn and they do not have the habit of saving much for the future. Whenever they are in need of money, they approached the financial institutions in America for loans and before the recession problems; they found no hurdle in getting the loans sanctioned from the banks. For meeting the expenses of college education, many of the American students used the aid from financial institutions. However, because of recession, American financial institutions now tightened the norms and hence the college students are not getting e nough financial aids from these institutions. Considering the importance of college education, American government should give enough funds to all who admitted in the colleges In family or society, only the educated people are well respected. The society will hear and respect the words of the educated people better than that of other’s. Only the educated person will be capable of meeting and solving the life challenges more effectively. College education will provide an opportunity to get good jobs which is necessary for securing the future life. Though the aim of college education is not limited to getting good jobs alone, it can certainly help people lead a life as a good citizen of the country. Completion of Pre secondary education was considered as a decent educational level around 50 or 75 years ago because of the limited knowledge base. But the advancements in every field of life especially in science and technology have made it almost impossible to survive without coll ege education. Entry into a good professional organization is not an easy task in the present century. In order to prepare a person for an entry level in an organization, the minimum qualification required is graduation. The organizations may give the person formal training in the required areas to develop skills, once he is appointed. But just to apply for a post in a reputed organization the person must have a graduation. â€Å"In recent years, researchers in Africa, Asia and elsewhere have found that people in non-Western cultures often have ideas about intelligence that differ fundamentally from those that have shaped Western intelligence tests†(Benson). Intelligence is believed to be a culture dependent entity. In other words, the nature of intelligence in American culture and Asian culture are entirely different. Because of this difference in nature of intelligence, it is difficult to assess the intelligence of a culturally diverse community with the help of a standardi zed test. Americans had an illusion earlier that the nature of their intelligence is far more superior to that of others. However, Americans now realized that their assumptions were only illusions and there are many cases in which people from other cultures dominate over the Americans. For example, the recent recession has caused major problems to American economy whereas Asian countries like India, china etc escaped from recession without much problems. Many of the CEOs of American companies are of foreign origin now. Indra Nui, the CEO of PepsiCo is one best example. The current American president is from a black origin and the current Governor of Louisiana, Bobby Jindal is a person of Indian origin. Moreover, in many of the reputed science and research agencies like NASA, people of foreign