Elasticity of Demand Essay Example for Free

Elasticity of Demand Essay Elasticity of demand, also known as price elasticity refers to the way people react to price changes. The greater the demand elasticity, the more sensitive people are to changes in pricing. The degree of demand of a product or service depends on its pricing. If the product is priced lower, it will experience high demand while a higher priced product may see lower demand. Generally, products such as cars, appliances, cosmetics and other non-essential items show elasticity of demand while food, medicine, clothing and other necessities display inelasticity of demand. Our survey consist various types of green teas which are Dilmah, Lipton and Ten Ren. All three products that we surveyed contained the same amount of tea bags which is 20 tea bags. Dilmah was priced at RM8. 00 which comes up to RM0. 40 cents a bag and Ten Ren was priced at RM8. 79 which comes up to RM0. 44 cents a bag while Lipton was priced at RM18. 40 making it RM0. 92 cents per bag. From this information itself, we can say that Dilmah and Ten Ren are similarly priced while Lipton is priced considerably high compared to Dilmah or Ten Ren. According to the concept of price elasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a more than 10% drop in quantity demanded if a product shows elasticity of demand. If a product show inelasticity of demand, a 10% rise in price will result in a less than 10% drop in quantity demanded. At the price range of RM8. 00 to RM8. 79, we assume that Dilmah and Ten Ren are products that show inelasticity of demand while Lipton priced much higher at RM18. 40 shows elasticity of demand. We argue that this is due to the nature of the good where Dilmah and Ten Ren are considered necessities while Lipton is considered a luxury because they are aim towards different markets. Dilmah, Ten Ren and Lipton are supposed to be similarly priced because all three brands are Green Tea and carry two bags each but the higher pricing of Lipton suggests otherwise. Substitutes are supposed to be similar in pricing. Therefore this justifies that Lipton is a luxury good and aimed for a higher market. A lot of close substitutes exists at similar pricing for Ten Ren and Dilmah such as BOH and Cameron who also offer Green Tea. At this market, when one product experiences a change in price, a substitute of the product will either experience an increase or decrease in quantity demanded depending on the nature of the price change. Therefore due to the availability of many close substitutes, demand is more elastic for Ten Ren and Dilmah. However for Lipton which is aimed at a different market, the existence of close substitutes are almost none. Hence, Lipton would show an inelasticity of demand. When the income of consumer increases, the share of budget increases. Therefore, consumers have the ability to choose more. Luxurious product can be also purchased depend on the consumers budget, then the quantity increase as well. Since, Lipton is luxury good, when our consumer’s income increase, they will choose Lipton instead of Dilamh and Ten Ren. Moreover, when the income of consumer decreases, share of budget also decreases. Therefore, they will not choose luxury product, they will choose more necessity product such as Dilmah and Ten Ren. http://www. ehow. com/info_12132333_advantages-elasticity-demand. tml http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/complement. asp http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/elasticity-of-demand. html Complements are very important these days. Complement is a product that is used in together with another product. There are no fixed complements for green tea (Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton). However, some consumers use complements such as sugar or honey to go with their green tea. In this situation, a decrease in th e price of sugar or honey might lead to an increase of quantity demanded of green tea. ( Ten Ren, Dilmah, Lipton).

Importance Of Palliative Care Nursing Essay

Importance Of Palliative Care Nursing Essay Palliative care improves quality of life of patient and families who face life threatening disease, by provide pain and symptom relief, spiritual, psychosocial support to diagnosis to end of life, In most of world, majority of cancer patient are in advances stages of cancer when first seen by medical professional. For them, only factual treatment option is pain relief and palliative care. Effective approaches to palliative care are available to improve quality of life for cancer patient. Cancer pain release is diffusion of the world health organization global communication program for improve cancer pain control and palliative and supportive care (World Health Organization, 2011). Lung cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lun g cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women, is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually, as of 2004.The most common symptoms are shortness of breath (WIKIPEDIA,2011). Which nursing problem does lennart have? Pain and Irritation upon draining of tubes. Nausea and diarrhea. Loss of energy. Loss of appetite. Eelevated blood pressure How would you prioritize his problem? Diarrhea Pain and irritation upon draining tube Loss of appetite Nausea Loss of energy Eelevated blood pressure NURSING CARE PLAN Assessment: Objective data: he has an elevated blood pressure and diabetes. Subjective data: diarrhea. Nausea, pain. Take medical history. Patient complained of abdominal pain, bowel movement cramping. Increased frequency of stool, increased frequency of bowel sounds loose, liquid stools, diarrhea. Assess onset and patterns of diarrhea Assess and identify individual stress factors and coping behaviors. Assist thorough diagnosis including neurologic and psycho logic Assess patients attitude toward pain. .Discuss with patient, family and other medical team the treatment and medical Diagnosis: diarrhea, pain, nausea related to lung cancer. Intervention: Observe and record frequency, characteristic, amount, time of day, and precipitating factors related to occurrence of diarrhea Observe pain associated with episodes Observe nausea and vomiting. Every day make blood test for diabetes and give medication and give diabetes food. Give treatment to hypertension and cheek blood pressure and give low salt food advice patient make exercises every day. Auscultate abdomen for presence, location, and characteristic of bowel sounds observe for associated factors such as fever / chills, abdominal pain / cramping .Determine diet and nutritional status. Review drug intake. Determine recent exposure to different / foreign environment, change in drinking water, food intake and illness of other. Note concurrent illnesses, treatment, food and drug allergic, lactose intravenous and therapy side effects. Eliminate: relaxation techniques to decrease stress / anxiety. Provide for changes in dietary intake to avoid diarrhea. Limit caffeine and high fiber foods, avoid milk and dairy products. Recommended change in drug therapy as appropriate (eg. Antacid) Assess baseline hydration, note postural hypotension, tachycardia, skin cracks, and condition of mucous membranes. Review laboratory work. Administer drugs as indicated to decrease gastrointestinal motility and minimize fluid losses. Administer IVF as indicated. Maintain skin integrity (ointment skin as needed) .Promote returns to normal bowel functioning: Increase oral fluid intake and return to normal diet with assist from his family members. Give medication as ordered, for example to decrease motility and to absorb water and explain that to the patient and to his family. Patient maintains normal bowel function with good hydration. Understanding of causative factors and rationale for treatment regimen .Demonstrates appropriate behavior to assist with resolution of causative factors like proper food preparation or avoidance of irritating. Verbalization of pain upon draining of tube Distraction behavior (moaning, crying, pacing, seeking out other people or activities, restlessness .Autonomic responses like diaphoresis , blood pressure and pulse changes . Papillary dilatation increased or decreased respiratory rate. Pain, Alleviate patient from pain, Provide comfort while draining of tube Explain procedure to the patient and family and when it hurt to reduce concern of the unknown .Nursing priority: assess etiology / precipitating and c ontributory factor. Determine possible pathophiysiologic / psycho logic causes of pain eg( inflammation , thrombosis ,grief ,fear and anxiety ) Nursing priority: evaluate patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s response to pain. Observe patients walk, how patient holds body, sits ,facial expression ,cool finger tips / toes , which can mean constricted useless . Determine pain characteristics; dull, throbbing, constant , sharp ,intermittent Assess for referred pain. Monitor vital signs as usually it increase in acute pain, Review patients previous experience with pain. Nursing priority assist patient to explore methods for alleviation and control of pain: Instruct patient to report pain as soon as it begins ,encourage verbalization of feelings about the pain ,provide quiet environment , calm , activities . provide comfort measures ( eg. Back rub , change of position , use of heat or cold if indicated ) and encourage his family to do it .encourage relaxation exercise with the use of individualized tapes ( eg. Music and instructional ) .encourage to use diversirnal activities ( eg, TV ,radio and socialization ) ,assist in treatment of the cause of pain and evaluate effectiveness .encourage rest to prevent fatigue ,identify ways of avoiding or minimizing pain ,review ways to lessen pain ,discuss with significant others ways in which they can assist patient and can reduce precipitating factors that may cause or increase pain . Evaluation: Patient reports that he is relieved from pain. He follows prescribed pharmacologic regimen. Verbalizes methods that provide relief . Demonstrate use of relaxation skills and dimensional activities. Conclusion: Cancer patient has severe pain the nurse should be observer this pain and give medicine and attention to case of spiritual psychical through palliative care. Cancer patient need to support from teamwork and family is the source of light and hope of the patient, I think support depend on family. Teamwork is foundation palliative care and everywhere cooperative teamwork will outcome become high for palliative care. Communication is contact the most powerful factor in palliative care causes it is a point of communication between teamwork and family and between patient, teamwork, good communication is the secret success palliative care.

A Complete Turnaround Essay -- essays research papers

A Complete Turnaround   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sharon Old’s poem, â€Å"The Victims,† deals with an underlying theme of abuse. Old’s illustrates this theme through the tone of the poem, which is achieved by imagistic language, rhyme and rhythm. In this poem the speaker is illustrated through two points of view, first as a child then as an adult reflecting back on a troublesome childhood experience. As the speaker’s point of view changes so does the use of poetic devices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem opens with the speaker remembering the behaviors of an abusive father when she was a child. The tone at this point was one of disgust, hatred, spite, and taking joy in her father’s failures. This was due to the fact that she was taught to feel this way by her mother. As a child she was not aware of this. It was not until adulthood that she realized her feeling of resentment towards her father were evoked by her mother. The speaker, herself, was not the victim of her father’s abusive behavior nonetheless she still hated him because that’s the only way she knew how to feel. These feelings are shown through the imagistic language used to reveal the acts of revenge on the father. When the mother finally divorced the father, â€Å"her kids loved it† (3-4). When the father was fired from his job, â€Å"we grinned inside† (5-6). The pleasure that the entire family took watching their father’s demise was quite vivid. â₠¬Å"We were tickled to think of your office   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   taken away, you’re secretaries taken away† (7-9). The finality of the father’s loses was shown by the taking away of his pencils and reams of paper at his job (11). The images used in the first 16 lines are very dark and gloomy and are associated with death. This is as if to represent the family’s way of â€Å"killing him through his loses. The suits that belonged to the father were depicted as â€Å"dark carcasses that hung in your closet† (13) and Olds specifically pointed out that even the noses of his shoes were black (14). After the first 16 lines of the poem, the feelings of hated by the spea... ...;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   poem reflects the speaker’s dissent and hatred of her father. She was expressing her anger, and when one is angered they tend to speak abruptly and choppy. As the speaker’s attitude towards her father changes, so does the punctuation in the poem. From line seventeen until the end of the poem there are no stops. There is only one period and that occurs in line 26. The poem definitely proceeds at a smoother pace. It shows that the speaker is calmer, and more relaxed. Her words flow together. Her feelings of rage and resentment to her father have subsided and feelings of sympathy and remorse have taken over. During the course of this poem the speaker has done a complete turnaround. The point of view she once held as a child has given way to a different one later in life. Her anger and hatred have turned into sympathy and regret. Olds effectively uses imagistic language and rhyme and rhythm to portray the speaker’s shift in tone. What she was taught as a child was not who she truly felt inside. Not only was her mother a victim, but her father was as well. She is able to overcome her hatred, and find her true feelings for her father later in life.

Before Iran-Contra :: essays research papers

Before Iran-Contra: The Development of Latin American Foreign Policy During the Reagan Administration When the Reagan administration first took office early in 1981, many of its key members wanted to make a move as soon as possible in response to the growing realm of Soviet power in the world. One area that the U.S. felt a lot of pressure from was Latin America. Even before the advent of communism, US influence in Latin America was always a touchy subject. As early as Teddy Roosevelt’s term as president, the US began a course of foreign policy that protected US investments in Latin America. While being decidedly pro-imperialistic in the dealings with these small neighbors, Roosevelt created a â€Å"dollar diplomacy† relationship and resorted to a devious policy of â€Å"preventive intervention† in dealings with Latin America. Not surprisingly, there were not many American supporters in those countries, except, of course, for the American companies exploiting the native populations to maximize profits. But not until the late seventies, with the threat of communist expansion into Central America, did the US again focus their attention on Latin American foreign policy affairs. From the beginning, the Reagan administration displayed concern about Nicaragua becoming another Cuba. Nicaragua showed signs of becoming an armed camp from which trained guerillas would be sent into the neighboring countries to start revolutionary movements, and the US began to think that their only choice was military intervention. But support for military intervention was not very popular in the US among the public and legislature. The first Boland Amendment of 1982 capped the US monetary support for the contra rebels, and in successive years, amendments to the Boland Amendment dropped that number dangerously low. Congress remembered the lessons of the Vietnam War, and wanted to avoid the slow, steady build up to all-out war. Also, many of Reagan’s most trusted advisors were leftovers from the Nixon era. They had watched Vietnam fall shortly after the U.S. withdraw, followed closely by Laos and Cambodia, and the situation in Nicaragua seemed eerily familiar. Cringing at the memory of leaving millions of South Vietnamese American supporters to suffer a dismal fate at the hands of the NVA and People’s Republic of Vietnam, the Reagan Administration was careful not to get so involved in the situation that they could not wash their hands of it if necessary. Therefore, the US’s plan for challenging communism in Latin America changed.

General George Meade :: essays research papers

General Meade   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is, but who was the general? Some people even know that the north won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade defeated General Lee at that battle. General George Meade accomplished much during wartime. Accomplishments General George Meade had many accomplishments during wartime. First of all, he defeated General Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Why would not General Meade crush General Lee at this battle and end the war there? Facts say that heavy fog and rain forced Meade to stop. Likewise, on June 1, 1863 a surprised encounter forced his troops into the Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle on American soil. This battle came about when General Lee’s army needed shoes. The two forces met here on accident and fought to a victory for the North. Lee acknowledged his defeat and retreated to Virginia. Not only did Meade serve in the Civil War, but also served in the Mexican War. He served in the battles of Palo Alto, Monterey, and Veracruz. During these he served under General Zachory Taylor. To sum up, General George Meade accomplished many things during his time at war. Accomplishments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of General Meade’s accomplishments had one major effect on how life is today. To start, if Meade had not defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Null Run the was would not have started off positively for the North. This was important because the soldiers gained their confidence when they won this battle. Secondly, Meade’s defeat of Lee at the accidental Gettysburg. This was a battle that turned the war around and gave the North the advantage. This was the North’s first victory in a long time. Finally, if the U.S. had not won the Mexican War, where Meade served as a soldier, the U.S. would not have gained the southwest portion of the country. This, as you remember, was where the gold rush took place that caused the country to spread out over the land. As has been shown, Meade’s accomplishments had many effects on how life is lived today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things that would be different if General Meade had never lived. For one thing, the North might not have won the first battle of the war causing the soldiers to lose confidence and maybe lose the war.

Educating Special Needs Students

When it comes to special education, this belief really needs to be a true one because special education teachers will have to deal not only with behavioral students or students with high functioning disabilities but they will also be dealing with autistic students and students with severe intellectual disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010).With the basic teaching principle â€Å"all students can learn†, teachers will enable themselves to find ways to help the students in learning social and life skills, get prepared to be independent, get a job and to enjoy quality of life regardless of their disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Individuals with disabilities can show their frustration with anger, they can feel hopelessness, helplessness and have a sensation of disgust, fear and pity.Many times advocates, educators and even professionals fail by countermanding individuals with disabilities by not properly identifying the intellectual disability. The American Association on Intellectual Developmental Disability (AID, 2008) explains that Intellectual disability is defined as sub-average intellectual functioning but it also should include â€Å"resultant deficits in adaptive behaviors and its occurrence during the developmental period† (Grand Canyon Leistering Course Material 2010).All three conditions must be present in order to determine that intellectual disability is present in the individual. Sub-average intellectual functioning offers to intelligence which is consider as a hypothetical construct difficult to define and is tested with a method called Intelligence Quotient or IQ which consists of several questions and problem solving that gives scores up to 100. Adaptive behavior refers as to the ability of the individual adaptation to the environment and the changes that may come with it.And the third characteristic is the occurrence of a traumatic event which happens to an individual during the develo pmental period which is before turning 18. IQ tests are considered a reliable source of information but according to IDEA 004, â€Å"IQ scores can't be considered the determinant of intellectual disability. Individual personal characteristics and circumstances, cultural bias and low correlation between IQ tests remain issues; moreover a person's IQ changes over time and data over the test provides little and inaccurate information for instruction.Consequently, other definitions focus on individualized needs for supports†. According to AID (2008) causes of intellectual disabilities which happens during the developmental period, may include maternal infections like rubella, syphilis and taxonomists also because of intoxication's like rugs, alcohol, environmental hazards and incompetent blood type transfusions. Chromosomal abnormalities like Downs syndrome. Among others (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Protecting Workers with Developmental Disabilities PAD (n. . ) say that people with mild disabilities can learn academics and vocational skills, those with moderate to severe disabilities can learn basic safe hygiene and self care skills along with social and communication skills and those with profound developmental skills can learn self care skills as well but they may need constant supervision and care†. The majority of the persons with disabilities are capable of learning, develop and grow, and they can become great productive an full participative citizens of the community.With appropriate education and accommodated lesson plans all students should be able to learn. One way to teach students with intellectual disabilities is by providing them with real life representing materials which are appropriate and safe for their age as well as interesting. Provide students with information with clear and easy to follow instructions which is revised in a constant basis. Celebrate accomplishments with positive dieback. Whenever possible and ac cording to the seriousness of the disability, try to teach the student is his regular school.Teach students tasks and skills that they will use in real life in a constant basis so they can relate what they learned to the everyday life(Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Another intellectual disability is Autism. This disability was first name and recognized in a district in 1943. It is associated with a series of conditions that include According to Autism Society of America (2000) â€Å"Disturbances of developmental rates, and/or sequences, responses to encore stimuli, speech and language as well as cognitive capacities and capacities to relate people, events and objects.This signs appear before the age of three† (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). At one time, autism was included in the definition of emotional disturbance. IDEA (2004) defines autism as an inclusion of serious impairments which include, verbal and non-verbal communication and social in teraction. According to American Psychiatric Association (2000) â€Å"autism spectrum disorders include a spectrum of that goes from Autistic disorder, Aspirer syndrome, Retest syndrome, a event disorder, distortions, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive developmental disorder.The characteristics include, apparent sensory deficit or hyper reaction to stimuli, Severe isolation or inability to respond to love and cuddly, self stimulation, tantrums and self abusive behaviors which raise the issue of aversive stimuli, calceolaria and psychotic speech and behavior deficiencies â€Å". The possible causes of autism vary and go from one unfounded theory to an-other but according to well known authorities, causes are not known and but evidence suggests that genetics ND biological factors are key.Very' little is still known about autism and because of this fact, educators need to be careful in how they treat autistic students. A therapy which is supposed to be appropriate for t he treatment of autism is dolphin-assisted therapy. It is recommended to provide autistic students with colored lenses to cure dyslexia and also facilitated communication. Lesson planning is key for educators to have success as teachers and help students succeed as well. Intellectual disabled students need extra help and clear one-on-one instruction but they definitely can learn. Educating Special Needs Students Educating special needs students can be challenging for all individuals involved. Students who may have intellectual disabilities, autism, and severe or multiple disabilities can have many bumps along the road of education. The impact of having a disability as a student can affect not only the student and the parents, but the educators as well. Policies, procedures, and programs are put in place to help these students succeed in the world of education. Intellectual DisabilityIntellectual disability is a general learning disability that appears before adulthood. Some people refer to intellectual disability as mental retardation. To define intellectual disability, it includes both a component relating to mental functioning of individuals and functioning skills in their environment. There are three characteristics of an intellectual disability. One is the intellectual quotation or IQ is between 70 to 75 or below.Two is the ability to adapt and carry on an everyday lifestyle such as acti vities, self-care, socialisation, and communication. Three is that the disability occurs prior to the age of 18. Generally the cause of intellectual disability can be caused at birth or during labor; these include temporary oxygen deprivation, premature births, low-birth-weight, and birth injuries. Often times there are a combination of genetics between two people that can form a certain disorder of the gene in their children. A person with a chromosomal disorder, too few or too many chromosomes, can develop an intellectual disability.Educating Special Needs StudentsAutismAutism is a disorder that impairs social interaction in verbal and non-verbal communication. It affects information that is processed in the brain by  altering the nerve cells. Signs of autism are usually noticed within two years of a child's life and the signs develop over time. Sadly there is no known cure for autism but there have been cases reported of children who have recovered. Medical expert have come to the conclusion that autism in some cases have been caused by premature births, early childhood vaccinations, Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Tuberous sclerosis. Severe and Multiple DisabilitiesIn individual with severe or multiple disabilities is described as a person who has one or more disability. Some causes can be chromosomal abnormalities, premature birth, lack of oxygen, blindness, deafness, poor development of the brain or spinal cord, infections, genetic disorders, or injuries from an accident. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; IDEA made it easier for children between the ages of 3 and 21 to have access to suitable public education. Teachers have found ways to include disabled students in regular classrooms.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; IDEA has found a way to have an impact on classroom settings for disabled students. Inclusion classrooms have been beneficial for disabled children. Recent studies have proved that children have been f ound doing better on standardized tests and acquiring better social and communication skills to prepare themselves for life's day-to-day events.Other Educating Special Needs StudentsStudents in the classroom have also benefited by being exposed to disabled students. Other students have grown to accept and develop friendships with students who have disabilities. Students with severe disabilities have curriculums in programs that are specifically altered to fit their needs. A curriculum is set up so that students with learning disabilities will have a brighter future and succeed in their education. It is less likely for students to drop out of school and continue their education by having the stability of a curriculum that works in their favor of learning. Having a functional curriculum teaches students the skills that they need to become an independent individual.When using a curriculum, educators take into consideration what the particular student needs to excel in their course of s tudy and in their classroom. When the educator is aware of what the student  needs they will not waste time in their classroom focusing on areas that a disabled student will not benefit from. Educators will also use multiple instruction methods to help disabled students succeed. Audio and visual learning methods are incorporated to help disabled students overcome their weaknesses and find their strengths when learning. Along with the curriculum socialization skills will help disabled students enter at with others.By developing their socialization skills in the classroom disabled students will become more independent with other members of society. Following a curriculum for disabled students will help them as well as other students except them in the classroom. The benefits of accepting disabled students in the classroom will help them and other students to not segregate them while they are in school learning as well as to teach them the skills they need to interact in life's day t o day events outside of school. Educating Special Needs Students5Policies and procedures in the local school district concerning students with intellectual disabilities use the program Child Find. According to state and federal special education regulations, School Districts, Intermediate Units, and Charter Schools are required to conduct child find activities for children that are eligible for the services of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This program is to identify all children of school age that might need special education all related services due to problems that may interfere with future development and learning.From a legal standpoint each school is required to adopt the use of public outreach awareness. Identify children that are eligible for special education within the school district jurisdiction. Early intervention in special education services and programs must be made know to the public. Each school m ust establish a system to accomplish the necessary initial screening which is to identify and provide a screening of students to identify any academic, social, emotional, or sensory problems concerning vision, hearing, language, or speech difficulties. Teachers and other staff members must assist the students and work effectively with the students in the general curriculum. The child find policies and procedures are used to identify, locate, and evaluate children with disabilities.As early as possible early identification and an  assessment of disabilities will be implemented in a formal plan for the child. The timeline from the initial evaluation must be conducted within 60 days from the parents’ consent for the evaluation. Another program that the school district provides is the Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act. Title I is a financial assisted program that helps schools with high numbers or children with low income fam ilies to ensure that their child meets the academic standards of the state. The No Child Left Behind Act supportsEducating Special Needs StudentsStandards based education reform based primarily on measuring goals that can improve individual outcomes in a student’s education. All public schools receiving the federal funding that comes along with these programs administer a statewide standardized test to all students each year. These text I also provide the parents a detailed report card on their child's performance. Based on the knowledge of the child’s results, it will help the educators and the parents in providing the student with the proper help during their learning years. Over all, learning can be challenging for anyone. But a student with severe or multiple disabilities may face a tough road that many of us may not understand. Having the proper guidelines in place and having everyone involved understand their role in a students learning world is essential to havi ng a successful independent student.

Case Study of Architect Winston Chu Kum Weng

THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 1.0Introduction Architect Winston Chu Kum Weng has a sum of 12 old ages of working experience in the architecture field. His first working experience was as an houseman in an established architecture company – DP Architects. Subsequently, he worked at that place as a undertaking designer for 3 old ages after his graduation. Then, he decided to dispute and further research his calling way, which led him to being the manager of SN Low & A ; Associates. This finding of his has led him to boom in the field of architecture. Despite of his immature age, he has manage to carry through many great accomplishments through his plants, which were chiefly residential and commercial edifices, both locally and overseas such as Singapore, Vietnam and Abu Dhabi. The Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters office was one of Ar. Winston Chu’s earlier achievements which was completed in the twelvemonth 2009. Located in between the Petaling Jaya residential and concern territory with a entire built-up country of 18,812 metre square, it consists of a warehouse block and an office block. The edifice sits on a level land next to the Naza World Auto Mall and it consists of sustainable characteristics which reflects Amway’s desire for a greener and eco-friendly milieus. Many of his theories were successfully incorporated into this peculiar edifice. This undertaking attempts to convey an apprehension of the architect’s architectural theory through a direct observation and analysis of his edifices. Using architecture as primary text, this undertaking claims that the universe of signifier is non arbitrary but displays an internal logic that has the capacity to convey significance. Analytic illustrations are used to uncover the conceptual and experiential order of the architecture. In order to understand architecture, one must be cognizant of the conditions within which they are employed. 2.0Analyzing Architecture2.1Climate The local clime has ever been the most influential facet in footings of architecture. It is hence apprehensible that constructing typologies found around the universe are ever really diverse from one another. Climate allows the designer to measure the resources of the site even without the existent measurings of the site. In other words, the clime is a big lending factor in modeling the architectural signifier of the edifice. The Sun subdivision allows designers to measure the handiness of the Sun through the Sun Path Diagram. It helps the designer estimation the times of the twenty-four hours and twelvemonth in which the Sun will be available on a peculiar site so that proper consideration of shadowing devices and design options can be exhaustively explored. With careful consideration of the sun’s way, there would be advantages such as inactive warming and natural daylighting. However, it may work against you by bring forthing blaze or overheating if non considered decently. ( Brown, 2011 ) By puting the sun way diagram onto the site program of the Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office, it is shown that the peculiar secret plan of land is in such that the forepart and rear facade of the edifice would finally have the highest sum of exposure to sunlight because it would be confronting west and east severally whereas the North and south facade would have lower sum of sunshine as compared to it. In most fortunes, designers would prefer to orientate the edifice in a manner where the E and west facade would hold a smaller surface country so that it would cut down the sum of solar radiation received, take downing the overall thermal transportation value. Thus, cut downing the energy required for air-conditioning. However, that is largely non the instance because the facade of the edifice has to be in line with its neighboring context, confronting the bing chief route which is besides the merely accessible manner to the edifice itself. Therefore, the Amway ( Malaysi a ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office is orientated in such that the E and West facade has a bigger surface country. Furthermore, all four lifts of the edifice consists of many floor to ceiling Windowss particularly the west lift despite the high sum of solar radiation as it is the front facade of the Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office. This was because of the desire of holding Windowss to let for natural daylighting and ocular connectivity as these sustainable characteristics reflects Amway’s desire for a more eco-friendly edifice. Hence, many gaps are uniformly located on every side of the edifice to guarantee that there would be sufficient natural lighting perforating through the edifice, advancing a inactive design while cut downing the usage of unreal lighting. Despite the hapless determination in the edifice orientation and arrangement of gaps due to the site restrictions, careful considerations were made to get the better of the high sum of solar radiation received. Aluminum louvres were used as a facade intervention, supplying conditions protection and ocular showing, lending to the ocular result of the facade every bit good while maintaining the simpleness design attack of the edifice in head. Large sum of trees and bushs were besides planted to shadow of the sunshine from straight perforating through the window gaps and soften the character of the edifice. It reflects the architect’s love for nature that was developed when he was still a kid. Furthermore, there is the air current subdivision which allows designers to measure the way, velocity and frequence of air current in a peculiar location by month or twelvemonth through the Wind Rose Diagram. It helps the designer locate the place of the gaps so that it benefits from the predominating air currents. By puting the air current rose diagram on the site program of the Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office, it can be seen that the features of the prevailing air currents are rather similar from all waies. Hence, big sums of gaps were located on all four sides of the edifice to obtain the best result. Most of the gaps are operable Windowss that could be controlled by the user so the prevailing air current can be captured and brought into the edifice to advance natural airing, therefore cut downing the usage of unneeded air-conditioning. 2.2Architecture Theory – ModernismModernism in its broadest definition is modern taught, character of pattern. It emerged in the early 20Thursdaycentury but was non popular until after the Second World War. Modernism was a response to the demand for the new and the different. Modern agencies being up to day of the month. What was modern yesterday, is authoritative for today and will be old, so antediluvian for all the tomorrows to come. Fascinated by the approaching engineerings of the production of steel, glass and concrete, people began to abstain from the usage of decorations, rejecting what they saw and hold it as the senseless shots. The plants of modernism were more trim and lyrical. ( Weston, 1996 ) Many facets of the modernist design still prevail in architecture today. As Mies van der Rohe would state, less is more. Through observation and analysis that was carried out, it can be determined that the Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office fits in with the arc hitecture theory of modernism. This is due to the many similarities of the building’s features with the general features of modern architecture. This architecture theory is believe to be incorporated by Ar. Winston Chu due to his love of simpleness, practicality and elegance, which focuses on more geometric and how the experience of infinite is created by natural lighting, airing and the pick of stuffs. First, merely the use of simple and basic geometry can be seen throughout the full Amway ( Malaysia ) Sdn. Bhd. Headquarters Office, whether it is in footings of its lift or floor program. Merely square and rectangle forms can be perceived. Jam Tschichold one time said that the concluding and most pure signifier of a necessary point is ever constructed of geometric forms. Therefore, it visually stressing on the additive 90 grades perpendicular and horizontal lines. The Windowss, columns, beams, roof line are all portion of the structural elements that were used by the designer to help in making the additive divine infinite. Second, the changeless repeat of a simple geometric is repeated to obtain a alone signifier. The Amway Headquarters is a alone component itself which is developed by the transmutation of insistent units through alterations in size, constellation, orientation, coloring material and articulation of a basic geometry – the square. Third, it focuses on the lucidity of signifiers. The edifice is stripped of all the unneeded cosmetic elements in order to showcase the architectural design. Merely the needed characteristics are implemented into the design so that the focal point would be on the infinite be aftering itself alternatively of decorations which have no relevancy with the overall architecture. Fourthly, the programs of the Amway Headquarters Office are unfastened programs. The thought of an unfastened program is created through the flowing of infinites, accomplishing through the separation of columns where the thought of hold ing a room as a manner of forming the infinites is non considered. Fifth, the edifice follows the impression where signifier follows map. The designer expresses this thoughts by holding the site and map of the edifice dictate most of the design determinations. It is said that modernist architecture takes inspiration from the edifice itself, and aims to plan for each alone state of affairs to be inspired by its intent. Following, industrially produced stuffs such as steel, concrete and glass is loosely used throughout the edifice. Last, the designer makes usage of the Windowss extensively to convey in natural daytime, particularly the floor to ceiling Windowss. Therefore, integrating the Windowss as portion of the building’s design. 2.3User / ClientSite Layout The edifice layout of Amway Headquarters is in such that the office block and warehouse block is separated, merely linked by a span on the first floor to supply permeableness. This is the client’s purpose of supplying a clean and unagitated environment for the users and visitants, off from the production noise at the warehouse block. It excessively gives a sense of spacial organisation, districting the private and public infinites with mention to the degree of noise produced. The lading bay is placed behind on the first floor of the warehouse block, accessible through a incline. The client’s purpose was to put the loading country off from where users could hold ocular connexion, as the position isn’t really delighting. The storage, bringing and packing country are all placed on the same floor so the on the job efficiency would be good. Spatial Layout Public installations were all placed on the land floor of the office block. Office and IT sections are placed on the floors above. The client’s purpose was to supply a convenient service for all the users. There is a gallery to showcase Amway’s merchandise and a mini market right next to it that sells their merchandise. Detail of Entrance The entryway of the Amway Headquarters is a dual storey high construction which uses merely basic geometry – the square. The chief entryway is a larger construction while the back entryway is a extra of it in a somewhat smaller graduated table. The client’s purpose was to supply an entryway which gives the users a sense of acquaintance, stripped off all the fanciness to be projected as welcoming, ask foring users to near without vacillation. Landscape as Buffer Zone Plenty of verdures are planted around the edifice to supply noise suspension and effectual ocular barrier between the office block and warehouse block. This is the client’s purpose to continue the ocular and environment character of the office block which would pull and promote users of their merchandise. It besides reflects Amway’s desire for Eco-Friendly milieus. This was because of the client’s desire of holding big sums of trees around the site and windows to let for natural daylighting and ocular connectivity as these sustainable characteristics reflects Amway’s desire for a greener and more eco-friendly milieus. Hence, many gaps are uniformly located on every side of the edifice to guarantee that there would be sufficient natural lighting perforating through the edifice, advancing a inactive design while cut downing the usage of unreal lighting. 3.0Decision– Need to discourse the designer ‘s theory based on your apprehension of ‘SELF ‘ and ‘the 3 FACTORS ‘ . Your account have to capture the first portion of the undertaking and the analysis – take note that this is your ain â€Å" theory † of the designer ‘s architecture. Please make non mention to the designer ‘s statement or declaration of his/her theory. – Conclude by seting in the DIAGRAM ( from undertaking brief ) to sum up your theory on the designer. 4.0MentionsBrown, G. Z. ( 2011 ) .Sun Wind & A ; Light: Architectural Design Strategies( 2neodymiumed. ) . New Jersey: Wiley. Chu, W. ( 2014, April 4 ) . Personal Interview. Chu, W. ( 2014, April 5 ) . Email Interview. Weston, R. ( 1996 ) .Modernism. New York: Phaidon. 5.0Appendix